Immuno hematology TOPIC 1 HISTORY

• hot blooded: if he/she is easily roused to anger
• bad blood: is used to describe resentment and desire for revenge
• herbal remedies were widely used to "thin the blood" especially in the spring
• cold blooded: if he/she is ruthless and calculating
• Blood letting- ancient system of medicine in which blood and other bodily fluid were considered to be "humors" the proper balance of which maintained health
• 2500 BCE: EGYPTIANS USE BLEEDING

  • tomb illustration in Memphis, Egypt, depicts a patient being bled from the foot and neck
• 1897: DRACULA

  • basis of modern vampire fiction – the taking of blood from the living to sustain the "life" of the undead
• 1492: FIRST HISTORICAL TRANSFUSION ATTEMPT

  • blood of three 10-year-old boys was infused by mouth into Pope Leo Innocent VII as he sank into a coma
• 1665: FIRST RECORDED BLOOD TRANSFUSION

  • first recorded successful blood transfusion occurs in England
  • Animal to animal transfusion
• 1667: FIRST RECORDED HUMAN TRANSFUSION (UNSUCCESSFUL)

  • first fully documented human blood transfusion was administered in France by Jean-Baptiste Denis
  • King Louis XIV's doctor transfused the blood of a sheep into a 15-year-old boy, who survived
• 1795

  • Philip Syng Physick, performs the first human blood transfusion, but did not publish
• 1818: FIRST RECORDED HUMAN-TO-HUMAN TRANSFUSION (SUCCESSFUL)

  • James Blundell performs the first recorded human-to-human blood transfusion
  • however na dead cause incompatibility of blood
• 1840

  • Samuel Armstrong Lane, aided by consultant Dr. Blundell, performs the first successful whole blood transfusion to treat hemophilia.
• 1867

  • Joseph Lister uses antiseptics to control infection during transfusions
• 1869

  • John Braxton Hicks find a nontoxic anticoagulant and recommended sodium phosphate
  • first anticoagulant
• 1901: THREE MAIN BLOOD GROUPS DISCOVERED

  • A, B, and C, which is later changed to O by Dr. Karl Landsteiner
• 1902: FOURTH BLOOD GROUP DISCOVERED

  • Fourth blood group, AB, is identified by Alfred Decastello and Adriano Sturli (Landsteiner’s colleagues)
• 1907: FIRST USE OF CROSS MATCHING

  • Dr. Ludvig Hektoen suggests that the safety of transfusion might be improved by cross matching blood between donors
  • Reuben Ottenberg performs the first blood transfusion using blood typing and recognized ”universal” group O
• 1908: DISCOVERY OF ANASTOMOSIS

  • Alexis Carrel devises a way to prevent clotting by sewing the vein of the recipient directly to the artery of the donor
  • this vein-to-vein or direct method, known as anastomosis
• 1912: LEE-WHITE CLOTTING TIME

  • Roger Lee and Paul Dudley white develops zlee white clotting
• Oswald Robertson - was credited as the creator of the Blood depots, basically the forerunner Blood banking system that is in use today
• 1935: FIRST IN-HOSPITAL BLOOD FACILITIES

  Mayo Clinic in Rochester - is the first to begin storing citrated blood and utilizing it for transfusions within a hospital setting in the U.S.
• 1937: TERM “BLOOD BANK” COINED

  • Dr. Bernard Fantus- coins the term blood bank or “FATHER OF BLOOD BANK”
• Dr. Charles Drew- was a pioneer in blood

  plasma preservation
• 1939-40: DISCOVERY OF RH BLOOD GROUP

  • discovery of the Rh blood group and identification of the antibody causing stillbirths
• 1945: ANTIHUMAN GLOBULIN (AHG) TEST

  
  

  • Coombs, Mourant, and Race describe the use of antihuman globulin (later known as the “Coombs Test”) to identify “incomplete” antibodies and enhanced agglutination
• 1947: AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF BLOOD BANKS (AABB)

  • founded by Tibor Greenwalt
• 1948: DEVELOPMENT OF PLASTIC BAG

  • development of the plastic bag revolutionizes blood collection by the Fenwal Company
• In 1950- Carl Walter and W. P. Murphy, Jr. introduced the plastic bag for blood collection and storage, replacing breakable glass bottles with rugged plastic bags
• 1971: TESTING FOR HEPATITIS B

  • development of a test for hepatitis B antibodies, and test is mandated by the FDA
• 1979: CPDA-1

  • a new anticoagulant preservative, CPDA-1, extends the shelf life of whole blood and red blood cells to 35 days
• 1981: FIRST CASE OF AIDS

  • the first cases of a syndrome initially called GRID (Gay-related Immunodeficiency Disease) then later named (AIDS)
• Adsol, Nutricel, Optisol- extend the shelf life of red blood cells to 42 days
• 1984: AIDS VIRUS IDENTIFIED

  • Virus that causes AIDS identified as HTLV III - human T-cell lymphotropic virus