Fundamental Duties (Constitution of india)

• The Fundamental Rights, Directive Principles of State Policy and the Fundamental Duties are sections of the Constitution of India that prescribe the fundamental obligations of the states to its citizens and the duties and the rights of the citizens to the State.
• The Swaran Singh Committee in 1976 recommended Fundamental Duties.
• The 42nd Amendment Act of 1976 added 10 Fundamental Duties to the Indian Constitution.
• The 86th Amendment Act 2002 later added the 11th Fundamental Duty to the list.
• The Fundamental Duties are dealt with in Article 51A under Part-IV A of the Indian Constitution.
• 1. Abide by the Indian Constitution and respect its ideals and institutions, the National Flag and the National Anthem.
• 2. Cherish and follow the noble ideals that inspired the national struggle for freedom.
• 3. Uphold and protect the sovereignty, unity and integrity of India.
• 4. Defend the country and render national service when called upon to do so.
• 5. Promote harmony and the spirit of common brotherhood amongst all the people of India transcending religious, linguistic and regional or sectional diversities and renounce practices derogatory to the dignity of women.
• 6. Value and preserve the rich heritage of the country’s composite culture.
• 7. Protect and improve the natural environment including forests, lakes, rivers and wildlife and to have compassion for living creatures.
• 8. Develop scientific temper, humanism and the spirit of inquiry and reform.
• 9. Safeguard public property and to abjure violence.
• 10. Strive towards excellence in all spheres of individual and collective activity so that the nation constantly rises to higher levels of endeavor and achievement.
• 11. Provide opportunities for education to his child or ward between the ages of six and fourteen. (The 86th Constitutional Amendment Act, 2002 added this duty)