RPH

• History is the study of the past, a collective memory that tells the story of who we are, where we are, and potentially where we are heading to
• History is the recorded struggle of people for increasing freedom and realization of the human person
• History is a narration of events that have affected the political and social condition of the human race
• History is a record of the unchanging past
• History deals with the past to avoid mistakes, not to recreate the same events
• History is a narrative with value and significance to a particular group or society that wrote it, defining failures and achievements
• Etymology of History:

  • History comes from the Greek to Latin word "historia" meaning inquiry, narrative, account
  • History is a story of time divided into smaller periods and events in the lives of people that brought change or continuity in society
• Important Time Divisions in History:

  • Century: 100 years
  • Score: 20 years
  • Decade: 10 years
  • In strict counting, a century is counted from 1 to 0, while in popular counting, a century starts at 0 and ends with a year ending in 9
• Meaning of History:

  • Silent history sources are subject to scientific evaluation
  • Colonial scholarship sources are written from the point of view of outsiders during colonization
  • Pantayong Pananaw reframes past narratives, eliminates biases, and encourages critical re-examination
• Points to Note in Philippine History:

  • History is a narrative written by the victors or colonial scholarship
  • History is a collective memory of the people yet to be incorporated into the mainstream narrative
  • Different historians reach different conclusions about the same period, event, or issue
  • History is subject to change and reinvention as new historians emerge
• Historiography involves the study of history and how it evolves, reaches different conclusions, and changes over time

  • Philippine Historiography includes different perspectives like clerical, nationalist, collective interplay of events, history from below, collective achievement, and pantayong pananaw
• Relevance of History:

  • Develops understanding of self and the world
  • Shapes thinking and establishes identity
  • Inspires pursuit of greatness
  • Helps comprehend present-day issues and learn from past mistakes
  • Develops transferable skills and builds better citizenship
  • Helps gain a career and personal growth through appreciation of past events
• Continuum of Relevance of History:

  • Self: Strengthening personal values and openness
  • Home: Strengthening familial values and responsibility
  • Community: Developing identity and collaborative spirit
  • National: Understanding cultural diversities and shared heritage
  • Global: Understanding the geo-sociopolitical landscape
• Basic Concepts in History:

  • Pre-stage 1: Personal & Family Histories
  • Stage 1: The Past and the Present
  • Stage 2: Philippines History: Community & Remembrance; First Contacts
  • Stage 3: Philippine History: Prehistory, Antiquity, Colonial, and Contemporary
  • Stage 4: World History: Ancient, Medieval, and Modern
  • Stage 5: Global History: The Modern World and The Philippines
• Historical Concepts & Skills:

  • Continuity and change
  • Cause and effect
  • Perspectives
  • Empathic understanding
  • Significance
  • Contestability
  • Comprehension
  • Analysis and use of source
  • Research
  • Evidence
  • Explanation and communication
• Continuity and Change:

  • Change is exploration, explanation, and evaluation in history
  • Continuity in society may stay the same or change over time
  • Causes of change and resistance to change can be investigated
• Cause and Effect:

  • Examines the relationship between historical events or actions
  • Identifies chains of events and developments that caused certain outcomes
• Perspectives:

  • Different viewpoints influence the interpretation of the past
  • Age, gender, social position, and beliefs shape perspectives
• Empathic Understanding:

  • Understanding the past from the point of view of the actors of the event
  • Appreciating the motivations, values, and attitudes of historical figures
• Significance:

  • Importance of events, individuals, or groups in history
  • Subjective and assigned to perpetuate their significance in memory
• Contestability:

  • Interpretations about events from the past are open to debate
  • Lack of evidence or different perspectives can lead to contestability
• Analysis & Use of Sources:

  • Historians derive information through investigation, analysis, and interpretation of written material
• Sources where historians can derive information through investigation, analysis, and interpretation:
• Written materials:

  • Personal letters, memoirs, diaries, manuscripts, etc.
• Non-written materials:

  • Coins, burial jars, relics, pottery, textiles, photographs, buildings, archaeological sites, interviews, etc.
• Evidence:

  • Information or historical knowledge obtained or extracted from valuable sources for a particular inquiry or investigation
• Understanding the Concept: Evidence
• Identify information within a source that can be used to support an interpretation
• Analyze and synthesize information from several primary and secondary sources to answer inquiry questions
• Historical Comprehension
• Involves reading creatively for role imagination through understanding the historical context within which events happened
• Ability to identify central questions in historical writing and come to conclusions about the purpose, perspective, or point of view from which they have been constructed
• Actors involved in the action

  • What happened during the event
  • The place or venue of the event
  • Contributing circumstances that led to the action
  • Consequences or outcomes that followed after the event
• Historical Research Skill
• Writing history helps deeply understand its meaning through:

  • Formulation of historical questions
  • Obtaining and analyzing historical data
  • Contextualizing the data
  • Presenting history in a meaningful form
• Explanation & Communication Skill
• History can be better explained and communicated through:

  • Chronological thinking skills
  • Historical analysis and interpretation skills
  • Historical issues-analysis
  • Decision-making skills
• Chronological Thinking Skill
• Ability to distinguish between past, present, and future time

  • Identify how events take place over time
  • Interpret data presented in timelines
  • Analyze patterns of historical duration or continuity
  • Understand how the periodization of history is culturally constructed
• Analysis & Interpretation Skill