GENERAL BIOLOGY

• Vascular Plants is a multicellular oragnism. The internal structure of these plants are more complex.
• Vascular Plants has specialized vascular tissues for they transport of water, minerals, and food. These tissues are known Meristamic tissue and Permanent Tissue.
• The major plant tissues are known as: a.) surface tissue b.) fundamental tissue c.) vascular tissue.
• This type of major plant tissue is also called as dermal tissue that consist of epidermis that protects the parts of the plants, roots, leaves, and stems. This is known as Surface Tissue
• Fundamental tissue is composed of parenchyma cells which are responsible for photosynthesis, storage of food, and growth.
• This is the site of food production which is at the leaf of the plant. It is known as Photosynthesis.
• Surface Tissue contains trichomes and periderm.
• This is also known as the foundation of the plant. It is known as the Fundamental Tissue (Ground Tissue)
• Fundamental or Ground Tissue is the support system/tissue of the plant growth. They support in photosynthesis, storage of water, and carbohydrates.
• The three types of ground tissues are Parenchyma Cells, Collenchyma Cells, Sclerenchyma Cells
• Parenchyma Tissue is made up of simple and three specialized tissue which are known as: 1.) Chlorenchyma Tissue 2.) Arenchyma Tissue and 3.) Transfer Cell
• Collenchyma Tissue supports the growing region, shoots, petioles, and elongating stem. While Sclerenchyma Tissue supprts and strenthen the non-existing regions of the plant.
• There are two types of Sclerenchyma Tissue; 1.) Sclereids 2.) Fiber
• Chlorenchyma Tissue consist of chloroplast that is used for photosynthesis. It is also responsible for food production
• Xylem transports water and minerals while Phloem transports organic compounds such as sugars
• Aerenchyma Tissue is for intercellular exchange gases. Transfer Cells is the transport of solute.
• This tpe of major tissue consist of more than one kind of cells which is specialized for longer transport of water and dissoles solutes. It is called Vascular Tissue
• There are two types of Vascular Tissue; a.) Xylem b.) Phloem
• Phloem is responsible for the transportation of organic substances from leaves to other parts of plants
• Xylem is responsible for transporting water and mineral ions from the roots to the leaves
• Permanent Tissue is developed from new produced meristamic tissue. It also called as the protective covering of the plants exposed surface.
• Meristamic Tissue is responsible for the growth of the plant.
• The epidermis is composed of single layer of cells that covers all above ground part of the plant, it protects the plant against drying out by preventing excessive loss of water through transpiration.
• Stomata is an opening on the leaf surface where gas exchange occurs between the atmosphere and the internal environment of the plant.
• Leaves is one of the parts of the plant. It is used for photosynthesis
• There are two types of Leaves which are known as Simple Leaf and Compound Leaf
• Simple Leaf has only one blade or lamina while compound leaves have more than one blade or lamina.
• Phyllotaxy is the arrangement of leaves on a stem.
• There are three types of phyllotaxy which are known as a.) alternate b.) opposite c.) whorled
• Phloem is responsible for transporting sugars produced during photosynthesis throughout the plant.
• Xylem is responsible for transporting water from the roots to other parts of the plant.
• Alternate - A type of phyllotaxy wherein there is only one leaf per node, with no other leaves above it.
• Leaf Venations is the arrangement of veins on the underside of a leaf.
• Parallel Venation and Reticulated Venation are the two classifications of Leaf Venations.