Micropara: week 1

• Microbiology: Study of living organisms that are too small to be seen without magnification
• Parasitology: Study of organisms whose activities affect other organisms
• Proponent of the epidemiologic triad: wade hampton first
• Agent: causative organisms of the infection
• Host: a refuge in which the agent shall stay and perform its living processes
• Environment (locale): the area where the host resides
• What is the nurses role in epidemiologic triad?

  cut off at least one relationship between at least two corners of the triangle
• Agent x Host : agent will not have contact with the host
• Host x locale: host may go to different area to prevent contraction
• Locale x agent: environment can be made unconducive for agent proliferation
• Definitive host: A host that contains the adult form of a pathogen or where multiplication of an infectious agent happens
• Intermediate host: A host that contains the larval stage of a pathogen, or where a pathogen is in its premature stage
• Reservoir host: A host that serves as a container for a pathogen
• Paratenic Host: A non-obligatory host in which larvae do not reproduce nor reach a a mature stage
• Accidental Host: A non-obligatory host in which larvae may mature but do NOT reproduce
• Direct: All stages of a pathogen’s life cycle are present in a single host
• Indirect: There are necessary portions in the pathogen’s life cycle that must be exposed to an environment other than the main host
• Vectors: Transmit pathogens from one vertebrate host to another
• Biological: transmits pathogens, where pathogens undergo its developmental stages
• Mechanical:

  • transmit pathogens but are not infected themselves
• Prevalence rate: number of people with the disease over a period of time and consists of old and new cases
• Incidence: number of new cases with the disease and may be used for acute cases
• Incidence proportion: observation period of new cases of the infection is the same across all individuals being observed
• Incidence rate: observation period for new cases of the infection varies significantly from individual to individual in a group being obserbed
• Case fatality rate: measures the degree of lethality of an infection
• Mortality rate: crude death rate
• Preventive: active screening of individuals who may have the disease
• Promotive: health education projects and increasing the community's self reliance towards their own health
• Curative: treatment of cases
• microbes: non living and living organism
• Pathogens: disease causing microorganism
• Non-pathogen: microbes that do not cause disease
• Indigenous microbiota: microbes that live on and in the humand body