DRR LESSON 2-3

• Disaster can be defined as a natural phenomenon or human activity-driven event that creates injury and death among people, damage to property and infrastructure, disruption to socio-economic, cultural and political processes, and degradation of the environment
• Acceptable Risk:

  • Used in determining ways to reduce possible harm
  • Risk that can be tolerated since it has been analyzed to not cause damages
• Residual Risk:

  • Disaster risk that remains after efforts of disaster risk reduction
  • Indicator of continuing needs for development of community capacity
• National Disaster Risk:

  • Intensive and extensive disaster risk that can create a potential nationwide impact either in one event or cumulative
  • Requires the NDRRMC
• Extensive Disaster Risk:

  • Disaster risks linked to low severity, high-frequency events that often occur in localized areas
• Intensive Disaster Risk:

  • Disaster risks linked to high severity, mid to high-frequency events that often occur in localized areas
• Primary Effects:

  • Direct effects manifested from the disaster event itself
• Secondary Effects:

  • Arise from primary effects
  • Involves biophysical and ecological processes and systems
• Tertiary Effects:

  • Arise from secondary effects
  • May be caused by multiple primary and secondary effects
• Physical Perspective:

  • Visible and tangible materials affected by disasters
  • Acknowledges the presence of destroyed infrastructure and buildings, habitats, and properties
• Psychological Perspective:

  • Focuses on people’s mental health in response to disaster impacts
  • Acknowledges the aftereffects of disasters such as anxiety, state of shock, trauma, disbelief, or depression
• Sociocultural Perspective:

  • Highlights how people respond collectively to disasters based on their perceptions
  • Religions, sectors, values, cultures, and beliefs all affect how people respond
• Economic Perspective:

  • Investigates the communities’ economic activities and their disruption
  • Analyzes impacts on health and safety of people, economic progress, and environmental processes
• Political Perspective:

  • Targets how the government services are utilized to reduce disaster risk and disaster losses
  • Considers the lack of institutional and non-constitutional capacities due to unbalanced political power and governance
• Biological Perspective:

  • Recognizes the possibility of disaster outbreaks after an occurrence of a disaster
  • The health condition of people after a disaster provides an avenue for widespread infection especially if basic medical services are not provided
• Vulnerability:

  • Conditions determined by physical, social, economic, and environmental factors or processes, which increase the susceptibility of a community to the impact of hazards
• The most vulnerable sector in the Philippines are the Marginalized Minorities
• Vulnerability is present in the environmental, economic, and societal aspects of the whole country
• Vulnerability is:

  • Multidimensional and differential, varies across physical space and among and within social groups
  • Scale-dependent, concerns time, space, and units of analysis such as the individual, household, region, and system
  • Dynamic, the characteristics and driving forces of vulnerability change over time
• Multi-Hazard Risk Approach:

  • Hazard Interactions, identifying all possible interactions between hazards
  • Hazard Coincidence, evaluating the impacts of two or more hazards involved in an area, considering its differences and similarities
  • Dynamic Vulnerability, analyzing the cascading effect of hazards in an area and its long-term effects with every disaster occurrence
• Disaster Impact Analysis:

  • Accurately measuring the impacts will provide a good estimation of damage and losses
  • Provides a basis of knowing deeply which areas, sectors, or communities are exposed and vulnerable