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B11 - Hormonal Coordination
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Hormone
- A chemical messenger than can cause a response
Glands in the Body -Hypothalamus
Found in the
brain
Steadies
body temperature
Glands in the Body -
Pituitary Gland
Produces many different
hormones
Controls when we enter
puberty
and when to stimulate
hormones
to make us grow
Glands in the Body - Thyroid Gland
Found in the
neck
Controls our
metabolism
Glands in the body - Adrenal Gland
Found above the
pancreas
Stimulates
adrenaline
Glands in the body - Pancreas
Controls
blood
sugar levels
Produces
insulin
Glands in the body - Ovaries
Produces
oestrogen
Glands in the body -
Testes
Produces
testosterone
Negative Feedback:
Body detects whether something is too high or too low of a level
A)
Receptor
B)
Response lowers level
C)
Response raises level
3
Blood
Glucose
When sugar levels are too high
Pancreas
releases
insulin
Cells
take in
glucose
Glucose is stored in
liver
as
glycogen
When sugar levels are too low
Pancreas
releases
glycogen
Cells
release
glucose
Glycogen
converts to
glucose
Diabetes
Type 1
Often born with
Pancreas
doesn't produce enough
insulin
Treated with
insulin
injections
Type 2
Developed over time
Developed from
obesity
or a
high sugar
diet
Pancreas stops responding to
insulin
Diet
and
exercise
must be carefully controlled to treat it
The Menstrual Cycle
Days 1-7
Menstruation
(bleeding) occurs
Days 8-13
Oestrogen
levels increase
Builds up
uterus
lining
Day 14
Ovulation
occurs
Caused by
Luteinizing
hormone (LH) and
follicle
stimulating hormone (
FSH
)
LH
releases the egg
FSH
matures the egg
Day 22-23
Progesterone
is released which keeps
uterus
lining thick
When an egg is fertilised,
progesterone
levels remain high to ensure menstruation doesn't happen
Contraceptives:
Barrier
Work on the principle of sperm not reaching the egg
Types include
condoms
and
rubber cup
No
side effects
Prevents
STD's
May be faulty and sperm can still get through
Chemical
The
pill
- controls
hormone levels
(prevents
FSH
being released therefore egg cannot be
matured
)
Can cause
hormonal side affects
Spermicidal gel
Kills sperm
Coil
(IUD)
Slowly releases
progesterone
to keep
uterus lining thick
IVF:
FSH
&
LH
injections
Eggs
are collected
Eggs
are then
fertilised
with
male sperm
Implant zygote
into
uterus
Progesterone
is injected throughout to keep
uterus lining thick
Auxins:
Phototropism
- when a plant grows towards the light source
Auxins go to the side of the plant that is closest to the light which causes that side to grow faster since they are growth hormones
This causes the plant to bend towards the light
Gravitropism
Causes the roots to grow away from the light
Auxins gather on the side furthest away from the light which causes it to bend away from the light
Farmers using hormones
Auxins
Used in
fertilisers
to maximise
size
and
speed
that the plant grows
Used in
weed killers
since the weeds cannot take in enough
minerals
or
water
to grow meaning they
die
Gibberellins
Seeds
germinate
quicker
Meaning
the farmer can grow more crop
Ethene
Causes plants to
ripen
quicker