CULTURE

• Ifugao Rice Terraces:

  • Built over 2,000 years ago by the Ifugao people in Banaue, northern Luzon
  • Carved stone walls out of mountainsides to create terraces for growing rice
• Petroglyph:

  • An image, design, or message carved or drawn on rock by an ancient or prehistoric people
  • Angono Petroglyphs in Binangonan, Rizal, are the oldest known artworks in the Philippines, dating back to the third millennium B.C.
• Retablo/Retablos:

  • Equivalent to reredos or retable in French
  • A vertical multi-tiered structure behind the altar enclosing revered objects like religious paintings or sculptures
• Bonifacio Monument:

  • Commemorates Andrés Bonifacio, who led the Philippine Revolution against Spanish colonial rule
  • Designed by Guillermo Tolentino in Caloocan
• Rizal Monument:

  • Memorial in Rizal Park, Manila, built to commemorate Filipino nationalist José Rizal
  • First monument built by Colonel Antonio Sanz with the help of Ildefonso Alegre and locals of Camarines Norte
• MacArthur Landing Memorial National Park:

  • Located in Palo, Leyte, eastern central Philippines
  • Encompasses an area of 0.026 square miles (0.067 sq km)
  • Sculpted by Anastacio Caedo to mark General MacArthur's return during World War II
• Letras y Figuras:

  • Nineteenth-century Philippine style of painting involving imaginative arrangement of objects and figures to form letters of the alphabet
  • Introduced by religious missionaries to promote reading and writing among the faithful
• Hablon:

  • Handwoven textile from Iloilo made with natural fibers like abaca, piña, and cotton
• Dagmay:

  • Handwoven textile of the Mandaya made from abaca using a mud-dyeing technique
• T'nalak:

  • Traditional hand-woven cloth of the T'boli people from the Cotabato region, used to celebrate major life events
• Fernando Amorsolo y Cueto:

  • Portraitist and painter of rural Philippine landscapes
  • First National Artist of the Philippines
  • Major works include "Fruit Gatherer," "Planting Rice," and "The making of the Philippine Flag"
• Juan Luna de San Pedro y Novicio Ancheta:

  • Filipino painter, sculptor, and political activist during the Philippine Revolution
  • Notable works include "Spoliarium" and "The Battle of Lepanto"
• Félix Resurrección Hidalgo y Padilla:

  • Great Filipino painter of the late 19th century
  • Acquaintance and inspiration for members of the Philippine reform movement
  • Notable for winning the silver medal in the 1884 Madrid Exposition of Fine Arts
• Vicente Silva Manansala:

  • Filipino painter known for bringing barrio and city cultures together in his masterpieces
  • Studied at U.P. School of Fine Arts and in Paris
• Benedicto Reyes Cabrera, "BenCab":

  • Filipino painter and National Artist of the Philippines for Visual Arts in 2006
• Anita Magsaysay-Ho:

  • Specialized in Social Realism and post-Cubism in depicting women in Filipino culture
  • Utilized abstract designs and styles in her work
• Napoleon "Billy" Veloso Abueva:

  • Known as the "Father of Modern Philippine Sculpture"
  • Proclaimed National Artist for Sculpture in 1976
• Victorio Edades:

  • Dubbed as the "Father of Modern Art in the Philippines"
  • Named National Artist in 1976
  • Notable works include "The Sketch" and "Demoiselles Davao"
• Bodabil:

  • Vaudeville entertainment genre in the Philippines popular from the 1910s
• Bodabil, also known as vaudeville in the Philippines, was a popular genre of entertainment in the country from the 1910s until the mid-1960s
• Stars who rose to prominence via bodabil around World War II include:

  • Atang dela Rama
  • Bayani Casimiro
  • Dely Atay-Atayan
  • Rogelio de la Rosa
  • Leopoldo Salcedo aka the Great Profile
  • Katy de la Cruz
• Katy de la Cruz was a leading Filipina singer specializing in jazz vocals and torch songs, known as "The Queen of Filipino Jazz" and "The Queen of Bodabil". By the age of 18, she was the highest paid entertainer in the Philippines
• Komedya is a colorful theatrical tradition in the Philippines revolving around social, political, and religious conflicts between Muslims and Christian heroes
• • Masskara Festival: Symbolizes the spirit of Bacolod City locals in overcoming challenges
  • Lubi-Lubi Festival: Coconut festival and religious fiesta in Gingoog, Misamis Oriental
  • Moriones Festival: Lenten and religious festival on Marinduque Island, featuring men and women in costumes replicating biblical Imperial Roman soldiers
  • Bambanti: Festival in Ilocano celebrating scarecrows, symbolizing the dedication to producing grains
• Festivals in the Philippines:

  • Ati-Atihan: Celebrates the indigenous population and honors Santo Niño in Aklan, Panay Island
  • Sinulog Festival: Held in Cebu City every third Sunday of January to honor Santo Niño through a dance ritual
  • Panagbenga Festival: Month-long flower festival in Baguio, held in February as a tribute to the city's flowers
  • Kadayawan Festival: Davao City's annual festival celebrating life, thanksgiving for nature's bounty, and culture
  • Pahiyas Festival: Harvest festival in Lucban, Quezon, honoring the patron saint of farmers, San Isidro Labrador
• Dance in the Philippines:

  • Sayaw sa Bangko: Pilipino folk dance where dancers must showcase skill and balance on a narrow bench
  • Subli: Religious folk dance practiced in Batangas
  • Carinosa: Philippine dance of colonial-era origin from the Maria Clara suite, involving a fan or handkerchief
  • Sakuting: Traditional Filipino folk dance portraying a mock fight using sticks
  • Binislakan: Folk dance performed with sticks to commemorate the Chinese pirate Limahong
  • Karatong: Dance named after bamboo instrument worn by male dancers, with female dancers representing mango trees
• • Kuratsa: Traditional dance of courtship depicting courtship between a rooster and a hen
  • Maglalatik: Folk dance performed by male dancers with coconut shell halves
  • Lapay Bantigue: Dance mimicking the gestures and movements of seagulls
• Music in the Philippines:

  • Ruben Tagalog: Filipino actor and musician famous for works in the kundiman style, known as the Father of Kundiman
  • Lucrecia Roces Kasilag: Filipino composer and pianist incorporating indigenous Filipino instruments into orchestral productions
• Folk songs in the Philippines:

  • Bahay Kubo: Tagalog-language folk song from Luzon
  • Ili Ili Tulog Anay: Traditional Ilonggo folksong from Panay Island
  • Pamulinawen: Well-known song in the Ilocos region pre-dating the Spanish era
  • Paru-Parong Bukid: Traditional Filipino folk song originating from the 1890s
  • Leron, Leron Sinta: Popular Filipino folk song from the Tagalog region