Chemistry quantitative

• Reaction may not go to completion because it is reversible
• Some product may be lost during separation of the mixture
• Some of the reactants may react in different ways than expected
• The purpose of atom economy is to:

  • Produce less waste
  • Conserve limited resources
  • Increase profit
• Percentage economy = Mr of desired product ÷ Mr of reactants/products
• Mol = mass ÷ Mr
• Mr = mass × moles
• Mass = Mr × mole
• Percentage yield = actual mass ÷ theoretical mass of a product × 100
• Concentration = mole ÷ volume
• Mole = concentration × volume
• 1 dm³ = 1000 cm³
• Actual = percentage yield × theoretical
• The curved surface in a cylinder of water is the meniscus
• Pipette and burette are used to measure volume
• Take measurements at eye level
• Number of moles = volume of gas (dm³) ÷ 24 dm³
• Number of moles of gas = volume of gas (cm³) ÷ 24000 cm³