Unit middle ages

• Who was most likely to be illiterate during the Middle Ages

  Church officials
• What was not a cultural influence to the Middle Ages

  Ancient Greek gods
• Cultural history was lost during the Middle Ages because…

  A lack of common language
• The group in present day France that became important to christianity was know as the

  Franks
• Secular means


  The church was involved in politics
• A place that would educate monks and nuns. A staple in rural communities

  Monasteries
• Under this person the office became very secular

  Gregory I
• Charlemagne

  Crowned Roman empero, valued education, gained land making a Christian empire that made up Western Europe
• Rollo


  Famous Viking who ruled over northmens land or Normandy
• Clergy


  Bishops or priests
• Indirect

  A threat from the pope to keep local political officials in line would prevent sacraments being given in a kingdom
• Excommunication 


  A threat to banish someone from the Catholic Church
• The Holy Roman Empire 


  Catholic areas of Germany and neighbouring empires
• Lay investiture

  Process of appointing church officials,
• Created controversy between the pop and nobles

  Lay Investiture
• Concordat of worms

  The pope can appoint a bishop but the emperor can veto
• Attempt to gain back the holy land

  Crusades
• Genghis Khan


  mongol leader
• Feudalism


  Class and landowning system in Europe during the Middle Ages
• Lowest group on the feudal chain

  Peasants
• Owned land and had significant control over a manor

  Lord
• Manors were developed to…

  Keep villagers safe from attacks
• Vassal


  Person who recieved the fief. Nobles or bishops
• Lord


  landowner
• Land granted to a vassal

  Fief
• Tithe


  Tax paid to the church
• Sacraments


  Important religious ceremonies
• Canon law


  Church law
• Chivalry


  A knight’s attitude
• Serf


  A servant that would attend to the land and for animals
• How did Gregory I increase political Power

  With church revenue he funded armies and helped the poor
• Why did the pope crown Charlemagne emperor

  He defeated a mob that attack the pope
• Germanic invaders


  Caused turmoil within europe
• In return for work

  the lord gave serfs protection food and shelter
• Stages of becoming a knight

  Paige, squire, knight
• Common subjects of troubadours songs

  joy ,sorrow, and romantic law
• What role did women play under feudalism

  Most were powerless
• How was conflict between Gregory VII and Henry IV resolved

  The pope can choose a bishop but the emperor can veto
• the crusades

  military campaigns sanctioned by the Catholic Church
• Effects of the crusades

  Left Europe in turmoil, costed millions of lives, led to the progression of civilization