Physiology

• Spinal Cord

  connect the brain and peripheral nervous system
• Somatic Nervous System


  controls voluntary muscles and transmits sensory information to the CNS
• Autonomic Nervous System


  controls involuntary body functions
• Sympathetic Nervous System


  arouses body for flight or fight
• Parasympathetic Nervous System


  calms body for rest and digest
• sensory neuron (also called afferentneuron)

  tells the brain about internal and external environment which is taken in by the senses
• Relay Neuron


  connects the sensory and motor neuron but is skipped in a reflex
• motor neurons (also called efferent neuron)


  carries signals from the CNS which helps organs and muscles function
• Synaptic Transmission

  process by which nerve impulses pass across the synaptic cleft from the presynaptic to the post synaptic neuron
• Axon


  conducts electrical impulses away from the nerve to the cell body
• Synaptic Vesicles

  store neurotransmitters to be to be released
• Synaptic Cleft

  when electrical signal reaches the presynaptic ending it allows the chemical message to diffuse across
• Dendrites

  receive electrical messages
• Neuron receptors


  bind signalling molecules released from the axon terminal and in the synapse.
• Excitatory Synapse


  likely for the post synaptic neuron to fire, caused by adrenaline
• Inhibitory Synapse


  makes it less likely to cause fire and message will be stopped at post synaptic neuron, caused by serotonin
• Endocrine System


  network of glands throughout the body with manufacture and secrete chemical messages
• Pituitary Gland


  Gland that is controlled by the hypothalamus and produces hormones to control other glands
• Adrenal Gland


  triggers flight or fight response
• Pancreas


  connects sugar to insulin for energy
• Ovaries/Testes


  secretes sex hormones for reproduction
• Flight or Fight

  amygdala is mobilised triggering the hypothalamus followed by the sympathetic nervous system
• Genotype


  the genetic code that determines a characteristic
• Phenotype


  observable characteristic with is a result of the genotype and the environment
• The parts of the brain

  
  

  Contains 4 lobes:

  • frontal lobe
  • occipital lobe
  • temporal lobe
  • parietal lobe
• Synaptic transmission process

  • vesicle in presynaptic neuron releases neurotransmitters to the synapse
  • neurotransmitters diffuse across the synapse to the post synaptic neuron
  • receptors on the post-synaptic neuron bind to the receptor site on the neurotransmitters
  • neurotransmitters that do not bind are reabsorbed by the presynaptic neuron in a process called reuptake
  • chemical message sent may turn into an electrical impulse which travels down the post-synaptic neuron axon