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Individual Quest
Midterm
Fluid and Electrolytes
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Gracie Sonnergren
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Cards (28)
Calcium range:
Total:
9-10.5
Partial:
4.5-5.1
Sodium range:
136-145
Potassium range:
3.5-5
Magnesium range:
1.3-2.1
Phosphorus range:
2.5-4.5
Chloride range:
97-107
Calcium:
Maintains
bone
health, stored in
teeth
and
bones
Involved in
muscle
movement,
nerve
transmission,
cell
permeability,
blood
flow
Affected by
parathyroid
levels
HYPOcalcemia:
Irregular heartbeat
,
Trousseau's sign
,
increased bowel sounds
,
bronchospasm
,
impaired clotting time
,
seizures
,
irritability
,
diarrhea
,
tetany
,
Chvostek's sign
,
hypotension
/
hyperactive deep tendon reflexes
HYPOcalcemia
interventions:
Seizure
precautions,
Ca
+ supplements,
dairy,
greens
HYPERcalcemia:
Bone pain
,
arrhythmias
,
cardiac arrest
,
kidney stones
,
muscle weakness
,
excessive urination
HYPERcalcemia interventions:
Increase fluid
,
fiber
,
IV fluids
,
furosemide
Sodium:
Supports
nerve
transmission,
muscle
function,
BP
,
fluid
balance
Regulated
by
ADH
,
thirst,
RAAS
HYPOnatremia
:
Stupor,
coma,
anorexia
,
lethargy,
tendon
reflexes,
limp
muscles,
orthostatic
hypertension,
seizures,
headache,
stomach
cramping
HYPOnatremia
interventions:
Reduce
fluids,
increase
salt intake,
isotonic
fluids,
sodium
tablets,
electrolyte
replacement
Seizure
precautions,
daily
weight,
I/Os,
postural
hypotension
HYPERnatremia
:
Flushed
skin
,
restlessness,
increased
BP,
edema,
decreased
urine output,
dry
mouth,
agitation,
low-grade
fever,
thirst
HYPERnatremia interventions
:
Diuretics,
hypotonic
fluids,
low
sodium
intake,
increase
water
intake,
monitor
renal
output
Potassium
:
Intracellular
cation,
nerve
conduction,
muscle
contraction,
fluid
balance
HYPOkalemia:
Alkalosis
,
shallow respirations
,
irritability
,
confusion
,
weakness
,
fatigue
,
arrhythmias
,
tachycardia
,
lethargy
,
thready pulse
,
low intestinal mobility
HYPOkalemia interventions:
Foods like
squash
,
potatoes
,
avocados
,
cantaloupe
,
bananas
,
K+
supplements
Monitor
U
wave,
respirations
,
arrhythmias
Dilute K+
supplements, monitor
urine output
,
GI motility
HYPERkalemia
:
Muscle
cramps,
urine
abnormalities,
respiratory
distress,
decreased
cardiac
contractility,
EKG
changes,
decreased
reflexes
HYPERkalemia
interventions:
Stop
K+ supplements
, T waves, kayexalate, insulin with dextrose, K+ restricted foods, loop diuretics
Chloride:
Anion in extracellular fluid,
acid-base
balance,
gastric
juice
activity,
nerve
/
muscle
contraction
Magnesium:
Neuromuscular
transmission,
myocardial
contraction
HYPOmagnesemia:
Neuromuscular
irritability,
Chvostek's
sign,
Trousseau's
sign,
insomnia
,
mood
changes,
anorexia
,
vomiting
,
increased
reflexes
,
hypertension
HYPOmagnesemia
interventions:
Foods like
meats,
nuts,
beans
,
fish,
veggies,
magnesium
sulfate
HYPERmagnesemia
:
Flushing,
hypotension,
muscle
weakness,
drowsiness,
coma,
hypoactive
reflexes,
respiratory
depression,
cardiac
arrest
,
diaphoresis,
tachycardia,
bradycardia
HYPERmagnesemia interventions:
Restrict
Mg-rich foods
, avoid
laxatives
,
antacids
Phosphorus:
Bone
/
teeth formation
,
neuromuscular
activity,
cellular
activity