HAZARD: a dangerous phenomenon or condition that may cause danger or loss of life, damage to property, loss of livelihood or services, social and economic disruption, or environmental damage
RISK: hazard + vulnerability
VULNERABILITY: characteristics and circumstances of a community, system, or assets that make it susceptible to the damaging effects of a hazard
RESILIENCY: capacity of a system, community, or society potentially exposed to hazard to adapt, by resisting or changing in order to reach and maintain a level of functioning and structure
DISASTER: a serious disruption of the functioning of a community or society that involves intensive human, economic, and environmental losses and impacts
EXPOSURE: being exposed or at risk of experiencing hazard events of different magnitudes
CAPACITY: a combination of all strengths and resources available within a community, society, or organization that can be used to reduce the level of risk or effects of a disaster
DISASTER RESPONSE AND EARLY RECOVERY: provision of emergency services and public assistance during immediately after a disaster to save lives, reduce health impacts, ensure public safety, and meet the basic subsistence needs of the affected people and communities
DISASTER REHABILITATION AND RECOVERY: restoration and improvement of facilities, livelihood, and living conditions of disaster-affected communities, including efforts to reduce disaster risk factors in line with the principles of "Build Back Better"
Philippines ranked 8th on the list of countries most likely to be hit by disaster
Due to geographic location, at least 60% of the land is exposed to hazards, and 74% of the population is at risk
Geomorphology is the study of the earth's physical land surface features and the processes that created them
Geomorphic system: dynamic - mechanical properties energy expenditure and causing the doing of work
Geomorphic forms: Constitution, Configuration, and Mass Flow
Applied geomorphology: studies human impacts on landscapes
Isolated: completely cutoff from its surroundings and cannot therefore import or export matter or energy (Example: Universe)
Open: has boundaries through which energy and materials maymove (Example: human body, Engine)
Closed: has boundaries open to the passage of energy but not of matter (Sun, Earth)
Dissipative: irreversible process resulting in the dissipation of energy which governs them. They exchange energy and matter with their surroundings (Tornado, living organisms, turbulent flow)
Internal: variables lying inside the system such as soil wetness, streamflow, etc.
External: variables originating from outside the systems such as precipitation, solar radiation, tectonic uplift, etc.
Endogenic (Tectonic and volcanic create land)
Exogenic (Driven by climatic forces are the driver of erosion and weathering which alters landforms)
Water cycle: circulation of meteoric water through the hydrosphere, atmosphere, and upper parts of the crust
Rock cycle: repeated creation and destruction of crustal materials - rocks and minerals
Igneous: forms from solidification of magma
Biogeochemical cycle: circulation of chemical elements (carbon, oxygen, sodium, etc.) in the upper mantle, crust, and ecosphere
Sedimentary: layered accumulation of mineral particles derived mostly from weathering and erosion of pre-existing rocks
Metamorphic: forms from physical and chemical changes in igneous and sedimentary rocks
Denudation of rocks is affected by particle size, hardness, porosity, permeability, degree to which it is cemented, and mineralogy
Igneous and Metamorphic rocks are generally resistant to weathering and erosion
Sedimentary rocks vary greatly in their ability to resist weathering and erosion
Weathering: decay of rocks by biological, chemical, and mechanical agents with little or no transport
Erosion: sum of all destructive processes by which weathering products are picked up and carried by transporting media (ice, water, and wind)
Mass wasting: sum of all processes that lower the ground surface
Mass movements: bulk transfer of bodies of rock debris downslope under the influence of gravity
Denudation: conjoint action of weathering and erosion which simultaneously wear away the land surface
Transport: movement of materials such as Erosion, Mass wasting, and Mass movements
Deposition: laying down of sediments by chemical, physical, and biological means
Geomorphic forces which fuel transport are Gravitational, Fluid, Water Pressure, Expansion, Global fluid movement, and Biological forces