Carbohydrates

• What are the basic elements that all carbohydrates contain?

  C, H, and O
• What type of sugar is glucose?

  A hexose sugar
• How many carbon atoms are in a glucose molecule?

  Six carbon atoms
• What are the two types of glucose?

  Alpha (α) and beta (ß)
• What is formed when two monosaccharides join together?

  A disaccharide
• What type of bond forms between two monosaccharides?

  A glycosidic bond
• What is the purpose of the Benedict's test?

  To test for sugars
• What are reducing sugars?

  Monosaccharides and some disaccharides
• What color does Benedict's reagent change to if reducing sugar is present?

  From blue to colored precipitate
• How do you test for non-reducing sugars?

  Hydrolyze them before testing
• What is a polysaccharide?

  More than two monosaccharides joined
• What is starch made of?

  Amylose and amylopectin
• Why is starch good for storage?

  It is compact and insoluble in water
• What happens when iodine is added to starch?

  Changes from brownish-orange to blue-black
• What is glycogen's structure compared to amylopectin?

  More side branches than amylopectin
• What is cellulose made of?

  Long, unbranched chains of beta-glucose
• How do cellulose chains provide structural support?

  Linked by hydrogen bonds to form fibers
• What are microfibrils?


  Strong fibers formed from cellulose chains
• What is the function of cellulose in plant cell walls?

  Provides structural support