pathogens

• What is meant by a pathogen?

  Microorganisms that cause infectious disease
• How do bacteria and viruses cause illness?

  By reproducing and releasing harmful toxins
• What are communicable diseases?

  Diseases spread from person to person
• How are pathogens spread?

  Through air, water, and direct contact
• What is the definition of a pathogen?

  Microorganisms that cause infectious disease
• What types of pathogens are included in the definition?

  Bacteria, viruses, protists, and fungi
• How do bacteria reproduce?

  By dividing every 20 minutes under ideal conditions
• What are toxins?

  Harmful chemicals released by bacteria
• How do viruses reproduce?

  Inside a host cell
• What happens to a host cell when a virus reproduces inside it?

  The cell can burst open and die
• How can pathogens be spread through the air?

  In water droplets, like influenza
• How is cholera spread?

  By drinking water polluted by sewage
• How is HIV spread?

  By sharing infected needles and sexual contact
• What is one way to reduce the spread of pathogens?

  Practicing basic hygiene
• How does clean drinking water help prevent disease?

  It reduces the spread of pathogens
• What role does chlorine play in drinking water?

  It kills microorganisms
• How can direct contact be reduced to prevent HIV spread?

  By using condoms during sexual intercourse
• What is a method of isolating patients to prevent disease spread?

  Isolating patients with highly infectious diseases
• What is vaccination's role in disease prevention?

  It helps reduce the spread of pathogens
• What are the ways to reduce the spread of pathogens?

  • Practicing basic hygiene
  • Providing clean drinking water
  • Reducing direct contact between individuals
  • Isolating patients with infectious diseases
  • Vaccination
• examples of pathogens

  • bacteria
  • viruses
  • protists
  • fungi