pr 1

• Research means:

  • Searching for knowledge
  • Finding new knowledge
  • Knowing and understanding the world
• Practical application of research includes:

  • Discovering medical breakthroughs
  • Advancing technological development
  • Understanding and solving problems in education
• Importance of research:

  1. Gathering relevant information:

  • Used as a springboard in conducting more research or planning new projects

  2. Improving quality of life:

  • Continuous research leads to breakthroughs that further improve people's lives

  3. Understanding history:

  • Helps us better understand our current society and people's behavior

  4. Personal and professional development:

  • Helps gain knowledge, be a good decision-maker, critical and creative thinker
• Characteristics of a good research:

  1. Empirical:

  • Uses facts and data obtained through investigation

  2. Analytical:

  • Researcher carefully analyzes and interprets gathered data before giving conclusions

  3. Systematical:

  • Follows a certain method

  4. Cyclical:

  • Begins with a problem and ends with resolution or tentative answer, every step is vital

  5. Original:

  • Research output is a product of novel ideas and shows originality
• Ethics in research:

  • Ethics means norms for conduct that researchers use to distinguish between acceptable and unacceptable behavior
  • Research ethics help establish the moral integrity of the researcher
• 8. Social responsibility

  Prevent or mitigate social norms

  9. Competence:

  • Improve professional competence and expertise through lifelong education and learning

  10. Legality:

  • Know and obey relevant laws and institutional government policies

  11. Animal care:

  • Show proper respect and care for animals when using research

  12. Human subject protection:

  • Respect human dignity, privacy, and autonomy
• Ethical principles in research:

  1. Honesty:

  • Honestly report data, results, methods, and procedures in publication

  2. Objective/Objectivity:

  • Avoid bias in research

  3. Openness:

  • Be open to criticism and new ideas

  4. Integrity:

  • Act with sincerity and consistency of thought and action

  5. Carefulness:

  • Carefully and critically examine your own work

  6. Respect for intellectual property:

  • Do not use unpublished data, methods, or results without permission

  7. Confidentiality:

  • Protect confidential personal information of respondents