UCSP

• Culture derived from the latin word ''CULTURA''
• Culture refers to the set of shared attitudes, values, goals, and practices that characterize an institution, organization, or group
• Culture is defined as the sum total of ways of living built up by a group of human beings over time and within the environment
• Sociology is the scientific study of society,

  including patterns of social relationships, social

  interaction, and culture.
• Society is a group of individuals sharing

  a common culture, geographical

  location, and government.
• Define all the elements of Society:

  • Social Solidarity
  • Culture and Identity sharing
  • Common language
  • Large population
  • Definite geographical area
  • Political, economic, and social organization
• Define the major types of Society

  • Hunting and Gathering Societies
  • Horticultural and pastoral societies
  • Industrial societies
  • Post-industrialist societies
• What are the groups within society?

  • Primary and Secondary Groups
  • In-groups and Out-groups
  • Reference groups
  • Networks
• Interdependent - enables members to pursue shared

  goals or promote common values and

  principles.
• Secondary groups are large, less intimate, and objective-based
• Primary groups are small, intimate, and emotional-based
• Social Group

  • Interdependence - Individuals sharing ideals and each of them are affected by ones actions
  • Aggregate - Collection of people who are in the same place but don't have anything in common
• Socialization a lifelong experience by which

  people developed their human

  potential and learned culture
• Reference group is considered a source of role models

  since the individuals use it as a standard for self-assessment.
• In-group - one belongs and with

  which one feels a sense of identity.
• Out-group - one does not belong

  and to which he or she may feel a sense

  of competitiveness or hostility.
• Network is the structure of relationships between social actors or

  groups.
• Three Goals of Socialization:

  • Teaches impulse control and develops a conscience
  • Teaches individuals to perform social roles
  • Cultivates shared sources of meaning value.
• Enculturation - acquiring the values

  and behaviors

  appropriate or necessary

  in that culture.
• Role Strain - refers to the stress caused by the demands of a single role
• Role Conflict occurs when the demands of multiple roles clash
• Identity Information is an individuals distinctive and unique personality
• Norms is what guide the behavior of a society
• Categories of Norms -

  • FOLKWAYS - RIGHT VS RUDE
  • TABOOS - RIGHT VS FORBIDDEN
  • MORES - RIGHT VS WRONG
  • LAWS - RIGHT VS ILLEGAL
• Status refers to a social position that a

  person holds.
• Role - refers to the behavior expected of

  someone who holds a particular

  status.
• Deviance is behavior that violates the

  standards of conduct or

  expectations or social norms of a

  group or society
• Conformity is the

  anticipated behavior to

  follow and achieving goals through legitimate means
• Ritualism believes in establishing goals, but abide by means to achieve the goals
• Retreatism - Retreating from a goal to escape mainstream society
• Rebellion rejects cultural goals and tradition but attempts to replace it with a different goal
• Innovation - accepts goals but rejects traditional means of attaining a goaL
• You can't reach your goal, but you still turn up and do your job is an example of ritualism
• A person who does not care about his/her work or performance at school is an example of retreatism
• An individual who wants to change the system because he/she thinks that there are better ways to solve problems is an example of rebellion
• An individual who tries new methods to achieve a certain goal is an example of innovation
• Social Control - Manipulating members and

  non-members of a group to

  comply
• Social Control

  • Reward and Punishment
  • Social Ostracism
  • Law
  • Gossip
• Human Dignity - an individual or

  group's sense of self-respect

  and self-worth
• Human rights are inherent to all human beings,

  whatever our nationality, place of residence, sex,

  national or ethnic origin, color, religion, language, or

  any other status