PR

• is “the systematic study of materials and sources in order to establish

  facts and reach new conclusions”

  Research
• You do research when you gather information to seek answers to your question.
• TYPES OF RESEARCH

  BASIC RESEARCH

  APPLIED RESEARCH
• To find solutions to actual problems. New ideas and concepts that have direct real-life application.

  Applied Research
• To gain broader understanding of a particular problem or phenomenon. Mostly theoreticaland is not directly applicable to real-life problems and concerns.

  Basic Research
• produces knowledge to understand the world better.

  Basic research
• uses this knowledge in the daily lives of people.

  applied research
• CHARACTERISTICS OF RESEARCH

  Controlled

  Rigorous

  Systematic

  Valid

  Empirical
• Research is controlled and manipulated to understand the relationship between two or more variables.

  Controlled
• Research follows stringent procedures to find out the answers to questions that are relevant and appropriate in nature.

  Rigorous
• Research is systematic as it follows a step-by-step procedure to answer research questions.

  Systematic
• Data are correct and verifiable by the researcher and eventually, by the readers of the research work.

  Valid
• Research must be totally based on hard evidence gathered from observations and real-life experiences.

  Empirical
• THE RESEARCH PROCESS (in order)

  Identify the general study area

  Choose a research topic

  Formulate plans and methodology

  Collect data

  Analyze and interpret data

  Write a conclusion

  Share a publication
• PHASE 1

  Research proposal
• PHASE 2

  Research activities
• PHASE 3

  Written content
• RESEARCH ETHICS

  honesty

  objectivity

  prudence

  responsible publication

  confidentiality

  respect for intellectual property

  social responsibility

  anti-discrimination
• It focuses on words along with its construction, meanings, and interpretations. It asks open-ended questions to extract meanings, perceptions, and interpretations.

  Qualitative Research
• It is a means for testing objective theories by examining the relationship among variables. It makes use of statistics in the collection, analysis, and interpretation of numerical data.

  Quantitative research
• It employs the elements of both qualitative and quantitative research in terms of strategies and methods.

  Mixed method Research