asexual

• • Less common among animals and is utilised when mates are not available. Some species alternate between asexual and sexual modes of reproduction. 
• • Budding
  • smaller outgrowths from the original organism develop into a bud that eventually detaches and grows into a new organism, e.g. sponges and corals
• • fragmentation
  • a body part detaches and develops into a new organism and the original organism regenerates the lost body part, e.g. sea sponges and starfish
• • parthenogenesis
  • the development of an egg in the absence of fertilisation to form a new individual, e.g. reptiles, birds