PMLS

• PHLEBOTOMY - The process of collecting blood by making incision/cut to and through the vein.
• Greek word of phlebotomy is phlebos meaning vein
• tome meaning incision
• EARLY EGYPTIAN PERIOD (1400 BC) – evidence of bloodletting in tombs paintings using “leeches”
• A European medicinal leech Hirudo medicinalis.
• POLE = rod squeezed by patient to promote bleeding

  Red = blood

  White = healing, bandage

  Blue - vein
• philosophy in bleeding was change soon after George Washington died of excessive phlebotomy
• PHLEBOTOMY is ACCOMPLISHED BY 2 PROCEDURE

  1.VENIPUCNTURE

  2.CAPILLARY PUNCTURE
• LATIN VENA meaning VEIN in ENGLISH “Puncture”
• Venipuncture - INVOLVES COLLECTING BLOOD BY PENETRATING VEIN WITH A NEEDLE AND SYRINGE OR OTHER COLLECTION APPARATUS
• Venipuncture - REFERS TO THE PROCESS of collecting or “drawing” blood from a vein of the patient for laboratory testing purposes.
• Parts of Syringe

  1. Needle
  2. Needle hub
  3. Rubber stopper
  4. Scale
  5. Barrel
  6. Flange plunger 
  7. Thumb rest
• parts of needle

  1. Bevel
  2. Lumen
  3. shaft
• 21 GAUGE – most common for venipuncture
• 23 GAUGE – FOR VERY SMALL VEINS
• 16 GAUGE – FOR BLOOD TRANSFUSION
• Syringes routinely used for venipuncture range from 2 to 20mL
• EVACUATED TUBE SYSTEM - Most frequently used method for performing venipuncture.
• TOURNIQUET - Device that is applied or tied around a patient’s arm prior to venipuncture to compress the veins and restrict blood flow.
• ANTISEPTICS - USED TO PREVENT SEPSIS
• BLOOD COLLECTION TUBE - Are used with both the ETS and the syringe method of obtaining blood specimens.
• Premature loss of vacuum, removing the tube before the vacuum is exhausted, or stoppage of blood flow during the blood draw can result in an underfilled tube called a partial draw or “short draw”.
• WINGED INFUSION SET/BUTTERFLY ❑An indispensable tool for collecting blood from small or difficult veins such as hand veins and veins of elderly and pediatric patients as it allows much more flexibility and precision than a needle and syringe.
• 3 types of vein Median cubital ▪ Cephalic vein ▪ Basilic vein
• ORDER of DRAW 

  1. BLOOD CULTURE BOTTLE
  2. CITRATED TUBE
  3. SERUM TUBE
  4. HEPARINIZED TUBE 
  5. EDTA TUBE 
  6. GRAY TOP TUBE