science endocrine

• endocrine system - is composed of glands that secrete different types of hormones that affect almost every cell, organ, and function of our body.
• Endocrine system is composed of different gland which is secret hormone

  that regulate metabolism, growth and development, mood, and reproduction.
• Hormones are organic substances released by the glands

  the endocrine

  system directly

  do the the enderine.
• Hormones are capable of changing the physiological and metabolic behaviors of their target cells to maintain homeostasis.
• The major endocrine glands in the body are the pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, thymus, adrenal, pancreas, ovaries, and testes.
• Pituitary - produces hormone that stimulate growth and controls the functions of other glands
• Thyroid - regulate body metabolism
• Parathyroid - control the calcium levels in your body
• Thymus - enable the body to produce T cells before puberty
• Adrenal - affects metabolism, immune system, and blood pressure
• Testes - control maturation of sprem
• Ovaries - hormones that influence development of the secondary people
• Pineal - regulates the biolo clock in skme animals
• male system, pituitary gland releases follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH).
• FSH enters the testes, it stimulates the Sertoli cells that are responsible for nourishing the sperm cells that the testes produce to facilitate the process of sperm production.
• LH enters the testes to stimulate the interstitial cells called the Leydig cells to make and release testosterone into the testes and the blood.
• Hormonal imbalance will occur if the organs and hormones of your body do not produce the right amount of chemicals needed which in turn may lead to some dysfunctions. The following are some examples of endocrine disorders.
• Osteoporosis is a disease that happens when the mineral density of the bone is reduced making it brittle and porous. Parathyroid hormone secretion is one of the possible causes of this disease.
• Goiter is an abnormal enlargement of the thyroid gland. It results from the underproduction or overproduction of thyroid hormones.
• Gigantism is a disorder that happens during childhood when there is abnormal increase in height associated with too much secretion of growth hormones.
• Dwarfism- insufficient resulting in short statue
• frontal lobe - responsible for analyzing data
• pariteal lobe - interpreting the senses
• Occipetal Lobe - interpreting and controlling
• 5 spinal

  -Thoracic

  -Lumbar

  -Sacral

  -Coccygeal

  -Cervical
• Thoraic - 12 parts of nerve
• Lumbar - 5 pairs of nerve
• Sacral - 5 pairs of nerve
• Coccygeal - 1 part of nerve
• Cervical - 8 pairs of nerve
• Negative Feedback - system of control in which the outgoing impulses counteract
• Insulin - stimulates the liver and muscles to remove

  excess glucose from the blood
• The glucose concentnation in the blood is controlled bay

  the

  " Pancreas"
• Glucagon- stimulates the liver to convert its stored
• Goiter:

  • Caused by excess TSH and a low iodine diet
• Hypothyroidism:

  • Results from a lack of thyroid hormones
• Negative Feedback Loop:

  • Most common type
  • Controls levels of most hormones
  • Feeds back in a loop to decrease its own production of hormones to keep hormone concentration within a normal range
• Positive Feedback Loop:

  • An increase of a hormone causes an additional amount of the same hormone to be released
  • Example: oxytocin causes uterine contractions, which cause additional oxytocin to be released
  • Additional oxytocin stops being released after childbirth
• Hormones are classified as either lipid soluble or water soluble
• Lipid-soluble hormones are bound to plasma proteins as they travel to target cells