is a large unit of written language. It is a coherent set of words, phrases, and sentences that expresses one main point or central idea.
Text
is a formal and often lengthy discussion of a topic, where concepts and insights are arranged in an organized and logical manner.
Discourse
to provide descriptive and comprehensive discussion on the topic.
to inform
PURPOSE OF DISCOURSE
to inform
to persuade
to entertain
A discourse that aims to persuade tries to convince the readers that the proposed claim or solution is better than any other proposal.
to persuade
a discourse that aims to amuse provides a source of entertainment for its readers.
to entertain
Factors of Discourse
Culture
Social Environment
Experiences
The beliefs, customs, attitudes, language, and other things that define culture may influence the author’s perspective on several issues.
culture
The author’s physical surroundings and social relationships, as well as the culture of the time may have influenced his or her writing.
Social environment
Personal accounts or firsthand experience of events, though subjective, establish credibility and reliability of information presented in any discourse.
experiences
TYPES OF DISCOURSE
argumentation
description
exposition
narration
literarydiscourse
academicdiscourse
is the act or process of making and presenting arguments and tries to persuade the audience or readers.
argumentation
It is based on the main impression of the author about the topic or subject. His or her impression is influenced by prior knowledge, culture, environment, and experiences, among others.
description
This type of discourse is like storytelling. It recalls events chronologically.
narration
This aims to inform about, clarify, and explain a phenomenon. It defines what something is and provides an in-depth discussion about topics that are usually less explored.
exposition
is generally focused on creative works such as poetry, short stories, novels, plays, and even nonfiction.
literary discourse
TYPES OF LITERARY DISCOURSE
poetic
expressive
transactional
This type of discourse is commonly found in creative works like poems, novels, short stories, and plays. It focuses on how language is used to form themes and convey ideologies.
poetic
commonly found in academic journals, letters, diaries, and blogs. It is a personal narrative and is typically written in the first-person point of view. In the process, the writer reveals something about his or her identity.
expressive
commonly found in instructional materials, advertisements, and editorial articles, among others. It provides detailed information on how something is done or achieved. Moreover, it encourages the reader to do something or to take an action.
transactional
is expository or argumentative in nature. Sometimes, it presents an individual's insights regarding a concept or method in a scholarly way.
academic discourse
PARTS OF ACADEMIC DISCOURSE
introduction
body
conclusion
In this part, the writer states the significance of the topic and the issues that need to be addressed. Also, the writer mentions the objectives of the discourse and how it may be beneficial or detrimental.
introduction
In this part, the writer discusses the methods of gathering information. He or she then presents the findings and interprets them. Moreover, he or she formulates arguments and supports them with evidence.
body
In this part, the writer reiterates the claims and asserts his or her stand. He or she may include insights and recommendations for further studies.