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• Toxicology is defined as the branch of science that deals with poisons
• It includes the study of harmful effects caused by physical phenomena like radiation, noise, and more
• Toxicology involves the study of detection, occurrence, properties, effects, and regulation of toxic substances
• Poison is any substance that causes a harmful effect when administered, either accidentally or intentionally, to a living organism
• A toxicant is a specific chemical that is poisonous
• Toxicity involves a cascade of events starting with exposure, progressing through distribution and metabolism, and ending with interaction with cellular macromolecules and the expression of a toxic endpoint
• Xenobiotics are man-made substances or those produced by but not normally found in the body
• • Ecotoxicology focuses on the impact of toxic substances on population dynamics, exploring how they are passed on
  • Teratology studies adverse defects induced during conception, particularly how pregnant women pass them to their babies
  • Reproductive Toxicology studies adverse effects on the male or female reproductive system resulting from exposure to chemical or physical agents
• Areas of Toxicology:

  • Mechanistic Toxicology identifies cellular, biochemical, and molecular mechanisms by which chemicals exert toxic effects on living organisms
  • Toxicogenomics applies genetic data in the study of toxicology, focusing on the specific makeup of humans and why they are affected by poisons
  • Descriptive Toxicology is concerned with toxicity testing, providing information for the safety evaluation of specific chemicals, explaining how they cause harm and how to prevent it
  • Regulatory Toxicology involves risk assessment and the establishment of standards
  • Forensic Toxicology deals with the medico-legal aspects of toxicology, determining how the body died
  • Clinical Toxicology focuses on diseases associated with toxic substances in living individuals
  • Environmental Toxicology studies the impact of pollutants on biological organisms, especially in air and water, and how it affects people
• Toxicologists develop safer chemical products, safer drugs, and treatments for chemical exposure
• Toxicologists work to develop a mechanistic understanding of how chemicals affect living systems and determine the risks of chemical exposure
• A cascade of events starts with exposure, progresses through distribution and metabolism, and ends with interaction with cellular macromolecules and the expression of a toxic endpoint.

  TOXICITY
• -        Medico-legal aspect of toxicology

  -        How the body died

  FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY
• -        Risk assessment and established of standard

  REGULATORY TOXICOLOGY
• -        Concerned with diseases associated with toxic substances

  -        For alive person

  CLINICAL TOXICOLOGY
• -        Focuses on the impact of toxic substances on population dynamics

  -        Paano nila naipapasa pasa ang toxic

  ECOTOXICOLOGY
• -        Study of adverse defects induced during conception

  -        How pregnant woman pass it to the baby

  TERATOLOGY