Principles of Metallurgy

• Metallurgy is the process of extraction of metals from their ores
• All ores are minerals but all minerals are not ores
• K, Na, Ca, Mg, Al are high reactive elements.
• Zn, Fe, Pb, Cu are moderate reactive elements.
• Hg, Ag, Pt, Au are low reactive elements.
• Test tube 'C' has Anhydrous Calcium Chloride.
• Pure iron is formed by mixing iron and carbon.
• Stainless steel is formed by mixing iron, nickel and chromium.
• Gold is formed by silver or copper and gold
• Coating with Zinc is called Galvanisation.
• In smelting, coke is the fuel
• In smelting, lime stone is the flux.
• The methods of purification of crude metal are distillation, poling, liquation and electrolytic refining.
• Formula of magnesite is MgCO3
• Formula for Horn silver is AgCl
• Formula for pyrolusite is MnO2
• Formula for Haematite is Fe2O3.
• Formula for Zincite is ZnO
• Formula for rock salt is NaCl
• Formula for cinnabar is HgS
• Formula for Magnetite is Fe3O4
• Formula for Galena is PbS
• Formula for gypsum is CasO4 - 2H2O
• Formula for lime stone is CaCO3
• Formula for Bauxite is Al2O3 - 2H2O
• Formula for Zinc blende is ZnS