sugars

• Sugars (single and double sugars):

  • Sweet and soluble in water
  • Provide organisms with energy
  • Monosaccharides include glucose, fructose, and galactose
  • Disaccharides include maltose, sucrose, and lactose
• Polysaccharides:

  • Consist of many monosaccharide molecules joined together
  • Examples include starch, glycogen, and cellulose
• Properties of Polysaccharides:

  • Insoluble in water
  • Do not change solute concentration inside cells
  • Large molecules that cannot pass through cell membranes
  • Can be easily broken down to release glucose
  • Compact and occupy less space per unit volume
• mono

  glucose

  fructose

  galactose
• dia

  maltose

  sucrose

  lactose
• poly

  starch

  glycogen

  cellulose
• guclose -> respiration

  fructose -> made by plants

  galactose -> part of lactose
• maltose = 2 glucose

  sucrose = glucose + fructose

  lactose = glucose + galactose
• Starch can only be produced by plants.
• Glycogen is the main storage polysaccharide found in animal cells.