long test

• In single-celled organisms, substances can easily enter the cell due to the short distance they need to cross
• In multicellular organisms, the distance substances need to cross is larger due to a higher surface area to volume ratio
• Multicellular organisms require specialised exchange surfaces for efficient gas exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen due to their higher surface area to volume ratio
• In single-celled organisms, substances can easily enter the cell due to a short distance that needs to be crossed
• Multicellular organisms have a larger distance for substances to enter the cell because of a higher surface area to volume ratio
• Carnivores that eat carnivores are at the fourth trophic level
• A community refers to populations of different plants and animals living and interacting in an area at a particular time
• The competitive exclusion principle states that "no two species can occupy the same ecological niche in the same place at the same time"
• The climate reflects the prevailing weather patterns in an area covering a certain duration of time, involving solar energy interacting with matter that makes up the Earth
• "Nature Knows Best" affirms that Nature has its own laws and processes to maintain itself, and going against them will have undesirable consequences
• It is not always easy to distinguish between a predator-prey relationship and a host-parasite relationship
• The environment encompasses everything that affects an organism during its lifetime
• The ecocentric view does not state that all forms of life have an inherent right to exist
• Biomass refers to the total dry weight of organisms
• The two components of the environment are biotic and abiotic factors
• Commensalism is a relationship between organisms where one benefits while the other is unaffected
• Important ecological processes do not include habitat interactions
• In the second law of Thermodynamics, energy is indeed converted into heat
• For plants, the sun directly provides the energy needed for sustenance
• Interdependence and interconnectedness principle: What one does will affect another, whether directly or indirectly
• Change and Material Cycles principle: Materials in the environment undergo cyclic changes, passing through geologic and biological systems
• Law of Limits and Population Dynamics principle: An ecosystem can support only a certain number of individuals at a given time
• Diversity and Stability principle: The more diversity among life forms and ecosystems, the more resilient and stable the environment will be
• Balance of Nature and Stewardship principle: Nature has its own laws and processes to maintain itself, and going against them will have undesirable consequences
• Finiteness of Resources principle: Most resources are nonrenewable and vulnerable to depletion and degradation unless used prudently
• The niche of an organism is the functional role it has in its surroundings
• Biomass is the weight of the living material in a trophic level
• Energy is the ecological pyramid that is always in an upright position or appears as a typical pyramid
• In a predator-prey relationship, predators are not always bigger than their prey
• The trophic level refers to the steps in the flow of energy through an ecosystem
• Lions are examples of organisms
• Decomposers return organic material to inorganic material, completing the recycling of atoms
• The hierarchy of ecological structures includes: Biosphere, Biome, Ecosystem, Community, Population, and Organism
• Environmental justice is indeed interchangeably referred to as "environmental equity"
• An ecosystem is a stable and self-regulating unit
• Intraspecific competition is the competition happening among members of the same species
• Biomass is the ecological pyramid that is inverted in an aquatic ecosystem
• In mutualism, both organisms benefit in association
• Carrying capacity is the maximum number of users of a resource without creating adverse environmental impacts
• A parasite lives in or on another organism and gets food from its host