PHAR 211 IE3

• What percent of nephrons are found in the cortex?

  • 80-85%
• What percent of blood enters the kidneys?

  • 90%
• Components of the kidney:

  • Cortex
  • Medulla
  • Pyramids
  • Columns
  • Sinus
  • Pelvis
  • Ureter
• What is the first capillary of the kidneys?

  • Glomeruli
• What brings blood to the glomerulus?

  • Afferent arteriole
• What takes blood away from kidneys?

  • Efferent arteriole
• What is the 2nd capillary in kidneys?

  • Peritubular capillary
• What is the 3rd capillary in kidneys?

  • Vasa recta
• Where are the 3rd capillaries found?

  • Juxtamedullary nephrons
• Which arteriole enters Bowman's capsule?

  • Afferent
• Which arteriole leaves Bowman's capsule?

  • Efferent
• What do the peritubular capillaries cover?

  • PCT, loop, DCT
• What percent of nephrons are juxtamedullary?

  • 15%
• What are the nephrons that go into the medulla and have the 3rd capillary bed, vasa recta?

  • Juxtamedullary
• Where are peritubular capillaries found?

  • Only in the cortex
• How can we slow blood going to the glomerulus?

  • Constrict afferent arterioles
• Why would we want to change blood flow to the glomerulus?

  • To control filtration rate
• What is the site of filtration?

  • Glomerulus
• What is the site of glomerulus filtration?

  • Renal corpuscle
• What is Bowman's space?

  • Space between capsule and glomerulus
• How many epithelial layers are in the kidney?

  • 2, parietal and visceral
• Why don't the majority of proteins get filtered?

  • Too big
• What type of substances get filtered?

  • Waste products and electrolytes
• What are examples of waste products?

  • Urea, uric acid, creatinine
• What are examples of electrolytes?

  • Na, K, Cl, HCO3
• What is the function of peritubular capillary bed?

  • Renal absorption (back to blood in peritubular capillaries) and secretion (leave peritubular capillaries and into urine)
• Where are the peritubular capillaries?

  • After efferent arteriole, in cortex of kidney
• Where do peritubular capillaries flow into?

  • Renal veins
• What does the peritubular capillaries surround?

  • Tubular elements like PCT, loop, and DCT
• In juxtamedullary nephrons, where do peritubular capillaries surround?

  • PCT and DCT, does not cover loop because that dips into the medulla and peritubular only exists in the cortex
• Where are the vasa recta found?

  • Medulla
• What does the vasa recta surround?

  • Loop and collecting duct
• What is the function of the vasa recta?

  • Bring O2 and nutrients to tubule, concentrates and dilutes urine
• How does blood return to renal cortex through the vasa recta?

  • Ascending vasa recta
• What type of nephrons are the vasa recta only found in?

  • Juxtamedullary
• What are the processes in the kidneys?

  • Filtration, reabsorption, secretion, excretion
• Where do substances return to the blood?

  • Through peritubular capillaries
• True or false: reabsorption and secretion are selective and need transporters

  • True
• True or false: filtration is not selective

  • True
• What is filtration in kidney?

  • Nutrients and waste go into tubule