competition, adaptations and food chains

• organisms compete with other species for the same resources
• In each community, species depend on each other for things like food, shelter, pollination and seed dispersal. What is this called?

  Interdependence
• Interdependence means that one change can effect the whole system.
• A change in an environment could be an increase or decrease in an abiotic or biotic factor.
• Changes in aboitic and biotic factors can effect size of populations in a community.
• adaptations allow organisms to survive
• The features or characteristics of an organism that allow them to survive in their environment are called what?

  Adaptations
• Name the 3 types of adaptations.

  Structural

  behavioural

  functional
• Give 3 examples of structural adaptations

  fur colour

  fat layers

  large surface area to volume ratio
• Give an example of a behavioural adaptation.

  Migration
• Give 2 examples of functional adaptations

  conserving water

  hibernating (lowering metabolism)
• Some microorganisms are extremophiles
• What is an extremophile?

  An organism adapted to live in very extreme conditions
• Give examples of extreme conditions

  high temperatures

  high salt concentration

  high pressures
• Food chains show what is eaten by what in an ecosystem
• Food chains always start with a what?

  producer
• Producers make their own food (glucose) using what?

  energy from the sun (photosynthesis)
• What are producers typically?

  algae or green plants
• What is biomass?

  mass of living material. can be thought of as energy stored in a plant
• energy is transferred through living organisms when organisms eat other organisms
• populations of prey and predators go in cycles
• consumers that hurt and kill other animals are called predators
• If the population of prey increases, so does the predatorss
• As population of predators increases, population of prey decreases