T3 A

• why did USA and USA move to policy of détente in the 1970's?


  -USA focused on veitnam war that cost 170 billion dollars and lives of 60,000 US troops

  -USSR struggling economically
• SALT 1:

  -Strategic Arms Limitations Treaty

  -signed May 1972

  -AntiBallistic Missile Treaty stated ABM's were only allowed at 2 sites, 100 missiles max in each

  -Interim Treaty USA allowed 1054 ICBM's and 740 SLBM's and allowed USSR 1618 ICBM's and 740 SLBM's

  -Basic Principles Agreement banned warheads in seabed
• SALT 1 consequences:

  -unlikely a signed paper would avoid nuclear warfare

  -both sides had enough weapons to destroy planet

  -didn't cover latest technology like MIRV's

  -allowed USA and USSR to demonstrate publicly better relations

  -set up negotiations for SALT 2 1974
• Helsinki Accords 1975:

  -Basket 1: European borders are inviolable and cannot be altered by force

  -Basket 2: International Cooperation, working for closer relationship between East and West including trade agreements, technology exchange and joint space mission

  -Basket 3: Human rights respected and free speech and religion movements across Europe
• consequences for the Helsinki accords 1975:


  -first time boundaries between East and West Germany were formally accepted

  -Soveit American Apollo-Soyuz mission of 1975

  -USA politicians critical of possible accepting soviet expansion in Europe

  -USSR had little intention of genuinely accepting human rights
• SALT 2:

  -18 June 1979

  -signed but not ratified

  -included restrictions on missile launchers and strategic bombers and bans on testing and using new ICBM's
• SALT 2 consequences:

  -never ratified because of the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in December 1979
• Geneva Summit November 1985:


  -Gorbachev met Reagan for the first time

  -no formal agreements struck but good working relationship established
• Reykjavik Summit October 1986:


  -Gorbachev concerned about nuclear weapons

  -highlighted by Chernobyl disaster

  -Gorbachev proposed phasing out nuclear weapons if USA dropped SDI programme

  -USA never going to give up SDI programme so no formal agreement reached
• Washington Summit December 1987:


  -reached first formal treaty

  -Intermediate Range Nuclear Force Treaty

  -both countries would abolish all land based missiles with a range if 500-5000km
• Moscow Summit 1988:


  -resolved some of the more complex aspects of INF treaty

  -Gorbachev travelled to UN later and announced reduction in Warsaw Pact troops
• Malta Summit 1989:


  -Gorbachev met with new president George Bush

  -no formal agreements made

  -both sides viewed this as end of the cold war