EXAM 5

• drugs that are unstable in liquid form are prepared in __ form?

  powder
• the powder is also known as the __?

  solute
• dilutents are usually __ or __?

  sterile water or saline
• what occurs when a drug combines w/ an incompatible drug?

  reaction
• once powdered medications are mixed they __ over time?

  lose potency
• common sterile dilutents?

  sterile water, 5% dextrose solution, bacteriostatic normal saline
• what (3) things are important to know when solving reconstitution probs?

  dilutent, how much, concentration
• information about dilutents for reconstitution can be found on?

  vial, insert, drug handbook
• when liquid is added to the vial of powder, the powder increases the volume of the liquid?

  displacement
• what should you place on the label after reconstituting?

  initials, date/time prep & expriation, concentration
• how should you store drugs after reconstituting?

  manufactuers directions
• what is given when the body is unable to take in suffient amounts of fluids/electrolytes orally?

  IV
• how are blood, plasma & other blood plasma products given?

  IV
• how are nutritional formulas containing glucose, amino acids, & lipids given?

  IV
• the average adults needs __ to __ ML of fld per day?

  1500-2000
• fluids are lost by?

  hemorrhage, severe or prolonged diarrhea & vomiting, wound drainage, profuse perspiration
• what kind of solution has the same osmoality as blood?

  isotonic
• what kind of solution is used to expand the volume of fluid in the body?

  isotonic
• what kind of solution contains less solute than extravascular fluid?

  hypotonic
• what kind of IV solution may cause a shift out of vascular compartment?

  hypotonic
• what kind of IV solution has a higher osmolality than blood?

  hypertonic
• what kind of fluid is used to replace electrolytes?

  hypertonic
• what kind of solution when given as dextrose water produces a shift in fluid from intracellular to extracellular?

  hypertonic
• 0.9% saline is what kind of solution?

  isotonic
• 0.45% saline is what kind of solution?

  hypotonic
• 5% dextrose water is what kind of solution?

  isotonic
• 10% dextrose in water is what kind of solution?

  hypertonic
• 5% dextrose in .9% saline is what kind of solution?

  hypertonic
• ringers lactate is what kind of solution?

  isotonic
• 5% dextrose in ringers lactate is what kind of solution?

  hypertonic
• trauma patients require what kind of IV solution?

  isotonic
• why do trauma pts require isotonic solutions?

  maintain fluid volume from hemorrhage & hypotension
• if an elderly patient is given an isotonic solution what can occur?

  fluid overload
• what kind of solution is an elderly pt given that can cause fluid overload?

  isotonic
• a pt who is dehydrated can benefit from what kind of IV solution?

  hypotonic
• what kind of IV set consists of bad of solution, tubing, neddleless set, & iV stand?

  primary
• what kind of IV set consisits of meds that are given intravenously added to an existing IV line by piggyback method?

  secondary or piggyback
• what kind of IV set is used to infuse blood products?

  Y
• what is used to administer small volumes of fluid or meds?

  controlled volume set
• what kind of set is established by applying a leur lock ?

  intermittent intravenous device