Aqa gcse forces

• An object at rest stays at rest and an object in motion stays in motion with the same speed and in the same direction unless acted upon by an unbalanced force.
• Forces can be represented using vectors or arrows that show their magnitude and direction.
• A balanced force system has no resultant force, while an unbalanced force system has a non-zero resultant force.
• Gravity is an attractive force that acts on all matter, but it only affects large objects like planets or moons.
• The force between two objects is inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them
• Action-reaction force pairs: For every action force between two interacting objects, there is an equal reaction force from the second object on the first.
• Newton's first law states that if there are no resultant forces acting on an object, it will continue to move at constant velocity or remain stationary.
• The force between two objects is directly proportional to the product of their masses
• The acceleration of an object as produced by a net force is directly proportional to the magnitude of the net force, in the same direction as the net force, and inversely proportional to the mass of the object.
• The force on an object is the product of its mass and acceleration.
• The resultant force is the total effect of all the forces acting on an object, which determines its acceleration.
• The weight of an object depends on its mass and the strength of gravity acting on it.
• Newton's first law states that if there are no external forces acting on an object, it will continue to move at constant velocity (or remain stationary).
• Weight is measured in Newtons (N) and is equal to the product of mass and gravitational field strength.
• Newton's first law states that if there are no external forces acting on an object, it will continue moving at constant velocity.
• If an object has a non-zero mass, then any change in momentum requires a net force.
• Newton's third law states that when two objects interact, they exert equal and opposite forces on each other.
• Friction is a contact force that opposes motion or tends to slow down moving objects.
• Newton's third law states that if one object exerts a force on another object, then the other object will experience a force that is equal in size and opposite in direction.
• Newton's second law states that the acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the resultant force applied and inversely proportional to its mass (F = ma).
• Weight is the force exerted on an object due to gravity acting on its mass.
• Forces can be classified into contact forces (such as friction) and non-contact forces (such as gravity).
• A balanced system has zero momentum because all momenta cancel out.
• Friction is a contact force that opposes relative movement between surfaces in contact.
• Forces can be represented using vectors, with arrows indicating the direction of the force and length representing the magnitude.
• Acceleration is the rate of change of velocity with respect to time.
• Acceleration is the rate of change of velocity with respect to time.
• Acceleration is the rate of change of velocity with respect to time.
• In the practical investigating the acceleration of an object, the equipment used includes:

  • Toy car attached to a piece of string
  • String looped around a pulley
  • 100 gram mass attached to the other end of the string
  • Timer on the desk
  • Chalk lines drawn at equal intervals on the bench
• To carry out the practical:

  • Hold the toy car at the starting point
  • Release the toy car to let it accelerate along the bench
  • Record the time the car passes each distance marker
• To ensure accurate timing, recording the experiment on a mobile phone and playing the video back is recommended
• In the experiment, the object consists of the toy car, the string, and the mass on the end of the string, as they are all attached to each other
• When decreasing the mass on the end of the string, the same mass must be transferred onto the toy car to keep the overall mass of the object constant
• Newton's second law of motion states that the acceleration of an object is proportional to the force applied, where the force in this case is the weight of the mass on the end of the string
• By varying the mass on the end of the string, the acceleration of the toy car should be proportional to the mass on the other end of the string
• To investigate how varying the mass of the object affects the acceleration produced by a constant force:

  • Keep the force constant (e.g., using a 100 gram mass on the end of the string)
  • Attach different masses to the toy car (e.g., 200 grams)
  • Record the car's acceleration along the bench for each mass attached
• Newton's second law indicates that the acceleration of an object is inversely proportional to the mass of the object, so increasing the mass of the toy car should result in a decrease in acceleration