oral fom

• Communication is a process of sharing ideas, thoughts, and information between two or more people
• Communication involves a transaction, indicating an underlying business or purpose
• Nature of Communication:

  • Unfolds over time and creates our social world
  • Occurs between two or more people
  • Can be expressed through verbal, nonverbal, or both forms simultaneously
• Functions of Communication:

  • Regulation/Control: controlling behavior and activities
  • Social interaction: developing bonds, expressing desires, needs, and decisions
  • Motivation: persuading or encouraging change
  • Emotional expression: facilitating expression of feelings
  • Information dissemination: conveying information
• Process of Communication:

  The Speaker:

  1. Develops an idea
  2. Encodes the idea into words/actions
  3. Transmits the idea using a specific medium

  The Receiver:

  1. Decodes/interprets the message
  2. Provides feedback
• Elements in the Process of Communication:

  • Sender: initiates the message
  • Message: information intended to be communicated
  • Encoding: expressing the idea in the appropriate medium
  • Channel: passage through which the message is passed
  • Receiver: the intended recipient of the message
  • Decoding: translating the message for understanding
  • Feedback: response to the message
  • Context: environment where communication occurs
  • Noise/Barrier: hindrance to communication
• Models of Communication:

  1. Linear Communication Model:

  • Unilateral flow of information
  • Includes Shannon-Weaver, Lasswell’s, Aristotle’s, and David Berlo’s models

  1. Interaction/Interactive Model:

  • Bilateral exchange of meaning
  • Includes Schramm’s model

  1. Transactional Model:

  • Exchange of messages between sender and receiver
  • Includes Barlund’s model
• Effective Communication Strategies:

  • Problems from the source/sender: language proficiency, lack of sensitivity, lack of preparation, emotional issues, language barriers
• Verbal Communication:

  • Use of words to share information
  • Includes spoken and written communication
  • Barriers to verbal communication: people, customs, beliefs, topic, situation, language choice
• Nonverbal Communication:

  • Transmitting messages without words
  • Includes gestures, facial expressions, color, flowers, space, time, touch, posture
• Features of Effective Communication:

  • Completeness
  • Conciseness
  • Consideration
  • Concreteness
  • Courtesy
  • Clearness
  • Correctness
• Communication is a process of sharing ideas, thoughts, and information between two or more people
• Communication involves a transaction, indicating an underlying business or purpose
• Nature of Communication:

  • Communication unfolds over time and creates our social world
  • Occurs between two or more people (the speaker and the receiver)
  • Can be expressed through words (verbal), action (nonverbal), or both simultaneously
• Functions of Communication:

  • Regulation/Control: controlling behavior, regulating nature and activities, demanding
  • Social interaction: allows interaction, development of bonds, expression of desires, encouragement, needs, and decisions
  • Motivation: persuading/encouraging change in opinion, attitude, and behavior
  • Emotional expression: facilitates expression of feelings like love, hope, joy
  • Information dissemination: conveys and receives information
• Process of Communication:

  The Speaker:

  1. Develops an idea
  2. Encodes the idea into words/actions
  3. Transmits the idea using a specific medium/channel

  The Receiver:

  1. Decodes/interprets the message
  2. Provides feedback

  Note: Noise may hinder the communication process
• Elements in the Process of Communication:

  • Sender: initiates the message
  • Message: information intended to be communicated
  • Encoding: expressing the idea in the appropriate medium
  • Channel: passage through which the message is passed
  • Receiver: whom the message is meant for
  • Decoding: translating the message for understanding
  • Feedback: response of the receiver
  • Context: environment where communication occurs
  • Noise/Barrier: hindrance to communication (physical, physiological, psychological)
• Models of Communication:

  1. Linear Communication Model:

  • Unilateral flow of information
  • Shannon-Weaver, Lasswell’s, Aristotle’s, David Berlo’s models

  1. Interaction/Interactive Model:

  • Bilateral exchange of meaning
  • Schramm’s model

  1. Transactional Model:

  • Exchange of messages between sender and receiver
  • Barlund’s model
• Effective Communication Strategies:

  Problems from the source/sender:

  • Language proficiency
  • Sensitivity to receiver’s background
  • Lack of preparation
  • Negative self-perception
  • Language barrier
• Verbal Communication:

  • Use of words to share information
  • Includes spoken and written communication
  • Barriers to verbal communication: people, customs, opinions, topic, situation, language choice
• Nonverbal Communication:

  • Transmitting messages without words
  • Gestures, facial expressions, color, flowers, space, time, touch, posture
• Features of Effective Communication:

  • Completeness
  • Conciseness
  • Consideration
  • Concreteness
  • Courtesy
  • Clearness
  • Correctness