Ch 2

Created by

Moon_Jelly

Cards (31)

Matter - anything that occupies space and has mass
three states of matter: solid, liquid, and gas
all living things share these 6 elements: Sulfur, Phosphorous, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Carbon, and Hydrogen
Four elements make up 96 of the weight of most cells: Oxygen, Carbon, Hydrogen, and Nitrogen
Protons(positive charge): found in nucleus
Neutrons(electrically neutral) - found in nucleus
Electrons (negative charge) - found in electron cloud -e
Atomic Number: number of protons, determines the specific element
Mass Number: sum of the number element
Isotopes: alternate mass forms of an element, same number of protons and electrons but differ in neutrons
Radioactive isotopes: nucleus is unstable
Electron shells: energy levels within electron cloud
Covalent bond: form when two atoms share one or more electrons
Polar covalent bond: unequal sharing of electrons
Non-polar covalent bond: equal sharing of electrons
Ionic bonds: are formed between oppositely charged ions
ion: an atom with an electrical charge due to gain or loss of electrons
hydrogen bonds: the polarity of water molecules results in weak electrical attractions between neighboring water molecules
Cohesion: water molecules stick together as a result of hydrogen bonding
Water moderates temperature: water has a strong resistant to temperature change than most other substances
Evaporative cooling: occurs when a substance evaporates and the surface of the liquid remains behind
Solid state of cooling: when water molecules get cold enough, they move apart, forming ice
Solution: mixture of two or more substances
Solvent: liquid used to dissolve the substance
Solute: any substances dissolved in liquid
Electronegativity: an atoms attraction for shared electrons
pH: a measurement of acidity and hydrogen ions
pH Scale: describes acidity of a solution
Acid: releases hydrogen/hydronium/H+ions/releases+into a solution
Base: a compound that accepts H+ and removes them from a solution
Buffer: are substance that resist pH change