Prelims

• Characterization is the process by which the writer reveals the personality of a character.
• Literature is part of the art
• Literature originates from the Latin word "LITERA," meaning letters
• From letters, words are formed, and from words, thoughts and emotions are expressed
• Literature can be in written form, consisting of words, sentences, or paragraphs
• ERA stands for period/time, and TURE is short for culture, collectively referring to people in a particular place, tradition, language, norms, etc.
• Literary form refers to the structure and composition of a literary work
• There are three main literary forms in literature: Poetry, Prose, and Drama
• Each literary form is further categorized into four literary genres: Poetry, Prose Fiction, Prose Non-fiction, and Drama
• Poetry is made of lines and stanzas
• Prose is made of sentences and paragraphs
• Drama is made of acts and scenes
• Literary genres refer to the content, elements, and style of the literary work
• Poetry uses figurative and rhythmic language
• Narrative poetry tells a story in rhythmic language, examples include epic, ballad, and metrical tales
• Lyric poetry is meant to be sung, examples include folksongs, sonnets, ode, elegy, and modern songs
• Prose Fiction consists of made-up stories grounded in imagination
• Subforms of Prose Fiction include novels, short stories, parables, fables, legends, or myths
• Subgenres of Prose Fiction include horror, sci-fi, romance, historical, and crime
• Prose Non-fiction conveys stories or information from the real world
• Subforms of Prose Non-fiction include essays, biography, autobiography, diary, journals, letters, memoirs, or journalistic articles
• Drama is a script made of dialogues and instructions
• Examples of Western drama include Shakespearean plays, broadways, musicals, and one-act plays
• Creative drama/improvisational drama is an improvisational, non-exhibitional, process-centered form of drama
• The Philippine Literary Timeline showcases the evolution of literature in the Philippines
• Literature in the Philippines started in the oral tradition, with tales, poems, and other forms passed down orally from generation to generation
• The Philippine Literary Periods include Pre-Spanish, Spanish, Nationalistic, American, Japanese, Post-War, Martial Law, and Contemporary Periods
• Each period is characterized by specific literary works, writers, and themes
• Literary works from the Pre-Spanish Period include oral literatures, folktales, and epics like Biag ni Lam-ang and Hinilawod
• During the Spanish Period, literature was classified into Non-Secular and Secular categories, with works like Pasyon, Ibong Adarna, and Florante at Laura
• The Nationalistic Period saw a shift from Spanish to Tagalog language and the emergence of Propaganda and Revolutionary Literature
• The American Period featured works like Dead Stars, Footnote to Youth, and A Child of Sorrow
• The Japanese Period was marked by the use of local languages due to the ban on English, with works like Dear Esmeralda and The Voice of Bataan
• Literary giants emerged during the Post-War Period, producing works like May Day's Eve and My Brother's Peculiar Chicken
• The Martial Law Period focused on social realities, with works like Arbol de Fuego and Dekada 70'
• The Contemporary Period from the 1990s to the present explores personal themes and new forms, with works like This is a Crazy Planet and ABNKKBSNPLAko?!
• Social media platforms play a significant role in the production and publication of literary works in the Contemporary Period
• Opera drama that is set to music in its entirety
• Pantomime is mimicking action in a ridiculous manner 
• Ballet uses music and choreography performed by trained ballet dancers