ANATOMY EXAM

• The analysis of the smallest units of life is called___.

  A) embryology

  B) morphology

  C) histology

  D) cytology

  E) physiology

  D) cytology
• Which of the following is the highest level of organization?

  A) organs

  B) cellular

  C) organelles

  D) tissues

  E) chemical

  A) organs
• Excretion involves ___.

  
  

  A) transport of substances within an organism

  B) elimination of unnecessary or potentially harmful materials metabolic waste from the body

  C) locomotion of the body

  D) changes to adjust to an organism's environment

  E) creation of a new generation of individuals

  B) elimination of unnecessary or potentially harmful materials metabolic waste from the body
• The ___ system allows for gas exchange between the air and circulating blood.

  
  

  A) respiratory

  B) urinary

  C) cardiovascular

  D) digestive

  E) lymphatic

  A) respiratory
• In the prone position, ___.

  A)the head is turned to the left, and the eyes are closed

  B)the body is lying in anatomical position face down

  C)the body is situated facing posteriorly and the eyes are open.

  D)the body is lying in anatomical position face up

  E)the body faces posteriorly

  B)the body is lying in anatomical position face down
• Choose the correct arrangement of the items 1-5, ranking them from the highest to the lowest of complexity.

  (1) organism (2) tissue (3) chemical or molecular (4) cellular (5) organ system

  A)5, 3, 2, 4, 1 B) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 C) 5, 4, 3, 2, 1 D) 2, 4, 1, 5, 3 E) 1, 5, 2, 4, 3

  E) 1, 5, 2, 4, 3
• Growth and differentiation often include___.

  A)increase in cell numbers

  B) increase in cell size

  C) changes in form and function

  D) specialization of individual cells

  E) All of the answers are correct

  E) All of the answers are correct
• The branch of science that studies groups of specialized cells and how they work together is called ___.

  A)cytology

  B) anatomy

  C) physiology

  D) histology

  E) None of the answers are correct.

  D) histology
• A frontal (coronal) section is in a plane that ___.

  A)divides the body into frontal sections

  B) divides the body into anterior and posterior sections

  C) divides the body along the midline

  D) divides the body into left and right sections

  E) divides the body into superior and inferior sections

  B) divides the body into anterior and posterior sections
• Which of the following is the most inferior of the nine abdominopelvic regions?

  A)left lumbar region

  B) hypochondriac region

  C) umbilical region

  D) hypogastric region

  E) epigastric region

  D) hypogastric region
• The ___ abdominopelvic region is sandwiched between the right and left hypochondriac regions.

  A)hypogastric

  B)epigastric

  C)lumbar

  D)umbilical

  E)hypochondriac

  B) epigastric
• Which of the following describes phospholipids in the plasma membrane?

  A)The phospholipid heads are hydrophobic.

  B) The phospholipid tails are at the surface.

  C) The phospholipid tails are hydrophobic

  D) The phospholipid heads are on the inside.

  E) The phospholipid tails are hydrophilic.

  C) The phospholipid tails are hydrophobic.
• Substances that enter the cell usually do so through the ___.

  A)integral proteins

  B) peripheral proteins

  C) glycocalyx

  D) cholesterol

  E) glycolipids

  A)integral proteins
• Because the plasma membrane restricts some substances and permits others through, it is referred to as being ___.

  A)freely permeable

  B) selectively permeable

  C) structurally rigid

  D) impermeable

  E) both structurally rigid and selectively permeable

  B)selectively permeable
• Which of the following is a passive process for material movement across a plasma membrane?

  A)facilitated diffusion

  B) active transport

  C) receptor-mediated endocytosis

  D) phagocytosis

  E) exocytosis

  A)facilitated diffusion
• Processes involved in the movement of substances across a membrane at the expense of ATP, via exchange pumps, are classified as ___.

  A)filtration

  B) diffusion

  C) active transport

  D) osmosis

  E) facilitated diffusion

  C)active transport
• What is the term for the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane from a low solute concentration to a high solute concentration?

  A)filtration

  B) osmosis

  C) active transport

  D) facilitated diffusion

  E) None of the answers are correct

  B)osmosis
• The protein-synthesizing organelles are the ___.

  A)lysosomes

  B) Golgi apparatus

  C) mitochondria

  D) ribosomes

  E) nucleus

  D)ribosomes
• ___ increase surface area to facilitate absorption of extracellular materials.

  A)Centrioles

  B) Flagella

  C) Mitochondria

  D) Cilia

  E) Microvilli

  E)Microvilli
• Features of smooth muscle tissue include ___.

  A)its exclusive location in the heart

  B) intercalated discs and multinucleated

  C) having a single nucleus (usually) for each cell and regenerative capabilities

  D) the presence of striations

  E) multiple nuclei (usually) for each cell

  C)having a single nucleus (usually) for each cell and regenerative capabilities
• Which of the following layers of the cutaneous membrane stores lipid reserves?

  A)stratum corneum

  B) subcutaneous layer

  C) stratum granulosum

  D) stratum basale

  E) papillary layer of dermis

  B)subcutaneous layer
• Sebaceous glands are often associated with ___.

  A)nails

  B) eccrine sweat glands

  C) apocrine sweat glands

  D) hair follicles

  E) All of the answers are correct.

  D)hair follicles
• Cerumen is commonly known as ___.

  A)water

  B) salts

  C) earwax

  D) saliva

  E) proteins

  C)earwax
• Specialized epithelial cells in the stratum basale, which release chemicals that stimulate sensory nerve endings, are called ___.

  A)Merkel cells

  B) stem cells

  C) melanocytes

  D) keratinocytes

  E) Langerhans cells

  A)Merkel cells
• Eccrine sweat glands ___.

  A)are the same as apocrine glands

  B) are usually attached to hair follicles

  C) are most common in the axilla

  D) function in thermoregulation

  E) produce a potentially odorous secretion

  D) function in thermoregulation
• The epidermal layer that is found only in thick skin is called ___.

  A)stratum granulosum

  B) stratum lucidum

  C) stratum corneum

  D) stratum spinosum

  E) stratum basale

  B) stratum lucidum
• The most superficial layer of the epidermis in which all the cells still possess a nucleus is the ___.

  A)stratum spinosum

  B) stratum granulosum

  C) stratum lucidum

  D) stratum corneum

  E) stratum basale

  B) stratum granulosum
• The epidermis in a section of thin skin includes the following four layers. In what order do these occur, from the basal lamina to the superficial surface?

  (1) stratum granulosum

  (2) stratum corneum

  (3) stratum basale

  (4) stratum spinosum

  A)4, 3, 2, 1 B) 1, 2, 3, 4 C) 3, 2, 4, 1 D) 1, 3, 4, 2 E) 3, 4, 1, 2

  E)3, 4, 1, 2
• Cardiac muscle fibers form extensive connections with one another at specialized regions called ___.

  A)intermuscular fascia

  B) sarcolemmae

  C) intercalated discs

  D) striations

  E) soma

  C) intercalated discs
• The cytosol contains a high concentration of ___ ions, while the extracellular fluid usually contains a high concentration of ___ ions.

  A)hydrogen; chloride

  B) potassium; sodium

  C) magnesium; calcium

  D) calcium; magnesium

  E) sodium; potassium

  B)potassium; sodium
• Which of the following is characteristic of cardiac muscle tissue?

  A)contracts only with nervous stimulation

  B) also called striated voluntary muscle

  C) consists of a branching network of interconnected muscle cells

  D) individual cells have many, irregularly shaped nuclei

  E) can replace cells and regenerate after an injury

  C)consists of a branching network of interconnected muscle cells
• The type of cartilage that is specialized to resist compression is ___.

  A)hyaline cartilage

  B) osteocartilage

  C) elastic cartilage

  D) fibrous cartilage

  E) All of the answers are correct.

  D)fibrous cartilage
• Which type if epithelium lines the renal pelvis, ureters, and urinary bladder?

  A)cubodial

  B) glandular

  C) columnar

  D) squamous

  E) transitional

  E) transitional
• Epithelial cells usually have ___.

  A)unevenly distributed organelles

  B) an exposed apical surface

  C) a basal lamina

  D) apical and basolateral plasma membranes with different associated proteins and functions

  E) All of the answers are correct.

  E) All of the answers are correct.
• The presence of large numbers of microvilli on the exposed surfaces of epithelial cells indicates that ___.

  A)these cells provide energy for transport activities

  B)these cells are probably located along the portions of the respiratory tract from the lungs toward the throat

  C)It is an area where absorption and secretion occur

  D) All of the answers are correct.

  E) None of the answers are correct.

  C) It is an area where absorption and secretion occur
• Which of the following is NOT a primary tissue type?

  A)Muscle

  B) Neural

  C) Epithelial

  D) Connective

  E) None of the answers are correct.

  E) None of the answers are correct.
• Which sequence correctly traces the steps of DNA replication during the S phase?

  (1)Weak bonds between nitrogenous bases of the DNA are broken.

  (2) DNA strands unwind

  (3) DNA polymerase binds to exposed nitrogenous bases.

  (4) Ligases link together short complementary chains of nucleotides.

  (5) Nitrogenous bases of the DNA strand attach to complementary nucleotides.

  A)1, 2, 3, 5, 4 B) 4, 2 3, 1, 5 C) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 D) 1, 3, 5, 2, 4 E) 5, 4, 3, 2, 1

  A)1, 2, 3, 5, 4
• In correct order from beginning to end, cells undergoing mitosis pass through ___.

  A)anaphase, prophase, interphase, and telophase

  B) telophase, anaphase, metaphase, and prophase

  C) interphase, telophase, metaphase, and prophase

  D) prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase

  E) metaphase, prophase, telophase, and anaphase

  D) prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase
• Which is a major function of the skeletal system?

  A)maintenance of interstitial fluid composition

  B) storage of glucose

  C) support of the body

  D) production of ATP

  E) None of the answers are correct

  C)support of the body
• Osseous tissue is classified as which of the following?

  A)muscle tissue

  B) neural tissue

  C) epithelial tissue

  D)connective tissue

  E) None of the answers are correct.

  D) connective tissue