Chapter 2
Cards (45)
- Based on decisions in groups or those made when carrying out tasks to meet business obiectives.
- Such happiness is derived from the increased availability of products and services. Marketing helps consumers to understand, compare, and obtain these products and services, thereby increasing the efficiency and effectiveness of the exchange.
- Can have negative effects and may be psychologically, spiritually, and physically unhealthy.
- Values that can be quantified by monetary means; thus, according to this theory, if an act produces more value than its effort, then it should be accepted as ethical.
- A moral philosophy that places special value on ideas and ideals as products of the mind, in comparison with the world's view.
- View that an external world exists independent of our perception of it. It works under the assumption that humankind is not inherently benevolent and kind but instead is inherently self-centered and competitive.
- Believe that only one thing is intrinsically good, and the pluralists believe that two or more things are intrinsically good.
- Defines right or acceptable behavior as that which maximizes personal pleasure.
- Those who believe that more pleasure is better.
- Those who believe that it is possible to get too much of a good thing (such as pleasure).
- Often referred to as non-hedonists, take the opposite position that no one thing is intrinsically good.
- Typically focus on the end result of actions and the goodness or happiness created by them.
- Emphasize the means and motives by which actions are justified.
- Assess the moral worth of a behavior by looking at its consequences.
- Defines right or acceptable behavior in terms of its consequences for the individual.
- Take a long-range perspective and allow for the well-being of others although their own self-interest remains paramount.
- Concerned with consequences, but unlike egoist, it seeks the greatest good for the greatest number of people.
- Refers to moral philosophies that focus on the rights of individuals and on the intentions associated with a particular behavior rather than on its consequences.
- Definitions of ethical behavior are derived subiectively from the experiences of individuals and groups
- Relates to observing cultures. We may observe that different cultures exhibit different norms, customs, and values and, in so doing, arrive at a factual description of a culture.
- Understand that people naturally see situations from their own perspectives and argue that, as a result, there is no objective way of resolving ethical disputes between value systems and individuals.
- Assume that one person's opinion is as good as another's.
- A moral virtue represents an acquired disposition that is valued as a part of an individual's character
- As an individual develops socially, he or she may become disposed to behave in the same way (in terms of reasons, feelings, and desires) as what he or she considers to be moral. A person who has the character trait of honesty will be disposed to tell the truth because it is considered to be right and comfortable.
- Involves evaluations of fairness or the disposition to deal with perceived injustices of others. It is the fair treatment and due reward in accordance with ethical or legal standards.
- Is defined by Black's Law Dictionary as the offering, giving, receiving, or soliciting of any item of value to influence the actions of an official or other person in discharge of a public or legal duty.
- Any purposeful communication that deceives, manipulates, or conceals facts in order to create a false impression.
- If you are a thief, quit stealing. Instead, use your hands for good hard work, and then give generously to others in need.
- An ongoing ethical issue, particularly when dealing with various countries around the world where it is commonplace. On the basis of race, ethnicity, gender, and so forth, is generally considered abhorrent in the teachings of all Abrahamic faiths.
- Set of values or the value system that a majority of the Filipinos have historically held important in their lives.
- The process begins with an unsolicited gift and continues going often into to the next generation. It is an obligation to appropriately repay a person who has done one a favor.
- A virtue of respect for one's parents, elders, and ancestors. It is an important concept in Filipino culture. It is understood as essential to maintain the collective face of the family and to avoid experiencing hiya.