Cell Reproduction Unit 5

• What phase comes after telophase?

  Cytokinesis
• What are the maternal and paternal chromosomes called?

  Homologous chromosomes
• Gametes are?

  Haploid
• True of False, Homologous chromosomes have the same DNA sequence?

  False
• How many daughter cells are made in mitosis?

  2
• In what phase does the DNA first become visible?

  Prophase
• How many daughter cells are made in meiosis?

  4
• In what phase of meiosis does crossing over take place?

  Prophase
• What is the purpose of the contractile ring of microfilaments during mitosis?

  To divide the cytoplasm
• What is Apoptosis?

  Programmed cell death
• If an animal cell has 30 chromosomes in G1 phase of the cell cycle, how many would it have in G2 phase?

  60
• What structure do the spindle fibers originate from?


  Centrioles
• Between what chromosomes does crossing over occur?

  Homologous chromosomes
• What structure moves the chromosomes during mitosis?

  Spindle apparatus
• What could happen if a cell has a mutation in a gene that regulates the cell cycle?

  The cell would undergo Apoptosis
• True or false, Sister chromatids have the same DNA sequence?

  True
• A cell divides 3 times, How many cells are there after 3 divisions?

  8
• Somatic cells are?

  Diploid
• What is the purpose of crossing over and independent assortment?

  To create genetic diverstiy
• Why are cell cycle checkpoints important?

  To make sure the cell doesn't divide if there is something wrong with the DNA
• During what phase of the cell cycle is DNA replicated?

  Interphase
• True or False, Homologous chromosomes have the same genes?

  True
• During what phase is DNA replicated?

  S phase
• Why must egg and sperm only have one copy of each chromosome?

  Because at fertilization the egg and sperm fuse and then the new cell will have two copies
• What would make a cell divide?

  More cells are needed
• What processes contribute to genetic diversity at reproduction?

  Crossing over, Independent assortment, and Fertilization
• How does mutations cause cancer?

  They disrupt the balance between cell proliferation and cell death
• What is the purpose of checkpoints during the cell cycle?

  To check that the DNA has been replicated correctly
• If a species has 24 chromosome pairs, how many chromosomes would there be in their reproductive cells?

  24
• Which cell has a cleavage furrow during cytokinesis?

  Animal cell
• A cell that has two copies of each chromosome is called?

  Diploid
• A cell that only has one chromosome is called?

  Haploid (only germ cells)
• From each pair there is one maternal copy from mom and one paternal copy from dad
• The maternal and paternal copy of a chromosome have the same genes and are called?

  Homologous chromosomes
• Each copy is one?

  chromatid
• What are chromatids held together by?

  Centromere
• During the S phase, how many copies of each chromosomes are made?

  4
• The two identical copies of the maternal or paternal chromosomes are called?

  Sister chromatids
• How many chromosomes does a human cell have?

  23 pairs of chromosomes, 46 chromosomes in total
• The controlled cell death is called?

  Apoptosis