SCIENCE 3

Cards (130)

  • Protein is composed of amino acids
  • amino acids are held together by peptide bonds
  • Peptide Bond - formed between two amino acids when they join to form a protein.
  • Nucleus is where transcription takes place
  • Cytoplasm is where translation takes place
  • Messenger RNA (mRNA) transcribes the DNA
  • Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
    binds the mRNA and tRNA to ensure codons are translated
  • Transfer RNA (tRNA)
    Translates the mRNA codons into the correct amino acids
  • 2 phases of protein synthesis are transcription and translation
  • DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) consists of 2 strands arranged in a double helix. these strands are called nucleotides
  • RNA (Ribonucleic Acid) has one strand only also made up of nucleotide
  • The building blocks of proteins are amino acids
  • mRNA copies the DNA’s codes
  • Codons mRNA triplet of nucleotide bases that code for amino acids
  • DNA is a double-helical molecule that contains the genetic codes
  • polymorase is the protein factor
  • Polymerases are enzymes that catalyze the synthesis of a DNA or RNA polymer with sequence complementary to the original template.
  • Polypeptide is a single chain of amino acids joined together by peptide bonds.
  • Endocrine System - composed of glands that secrete different types of hormones
  • Hormones are organic substances released by glands
  • Hormones are capable of changing physiological and metabolic behaviour of their target cells
  • Endocrine system
    Body system composed of different glands which secrete hormones that regulate metabolism, growth and development, mood, and reproduction
  • The endocrine system is composed of different glands which secrete hormones that regulate metabolism, growth and development, mood, and reproduction
  • Hormones
    Organic substances released by the glands of the endocrine system directly into the bloodstream, capable of changing the physiological and metabolic behaviors of their target cells to maintain homeostasis
  • Major endocrine glands in the body
    • Pituitary
    • Thyroid
    • Parathyroid
    • Thymus
    • Adrenal
    • Pancreas
    • Ovaries
    • Testes
  • Pituitary gland
    • Produces hormones that stimulate growth, and controls the functions of other glands, master gland, at the base of the brain, produces oxytocin
  • Thyroid
    • Produces hormones that regulate body metabolism, and storage of calcium in bones, produces thyroid hormone
  • Parathyroid
    • Produces hormones that control the calcium levels in your body, and normalizes bone growth, produces parathormone
  • Thymus
    • Produces hormones that enable the body to produce T cells before puberty, produces thymosin
  • Adrenal
    • Produces hormones that affects metabolism, immune system and blood pressure, stress reaction, produces adrenaline
  • Pancreas
    • Produce hormones that regulate blood sugar levels, produces insulin and glucagon
  • Testes (Males)

    • Produces hormones that control maturation of sperm and development of the secondary male sexual characteristics
  • Ovaries (Females)

    • Produces hormones that influence development of the secondary female sexual characteristics, and maturation of the egg cells and ovulation
  • Pineal
    • Produces a hormone that regulates the biological clock in some animals, produces melatonin
  • Hormonal imbalance will occur if the organs and hormones of your body do not produce the right amount of chemicals needed which in turn may lead to some dysfunctions
  • Endocrine disorders
    • Osteoporosis
    • Goiter
    • Gigantism
    • Dwarfism
  • Menstruation
    A sign that a girl is capable of producing offspring
  • Menstrual cycle
    A series of changes during which an egg matures, and the uterus is prepared for possible pregnancy
  • Menstrual cycle
    • It entails biological feedback system that regulates the activities of the structures involved in the processes
    • It is influenced by the endocrine system through the complex interaction of the hypothalamus, pituitary and gonads
    • The average cycle is 28 days
  • Follicular phase
    Starts on day 1 of menstruation and ends with ovulation (day 14)