Peptide Bond - formed between two amino acids when they join to form a protein.
Nucleus is where transcription takes place
Cytoplasm is where translation takes place
Messenger RNA (mRNA) transcribes the DNA
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
binds the mRNA and tRNA to ensure codons are translated
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Translates the mRNA codons into the correct amino acids
2 phases of protein synthesis are transcription and translation
DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) consists of 2 strands arranged in a double helix. these strands are called nucleotides
RNA (Ribonucleic Acid) has onestrand only also made up of nucleotide
The building blocks of proteins are amino acids
mRNAcopies the DNA’s codes
Codons mRNA triplet of nucleotide bases that code for amino acids
DNA is a double-helical molecule that contains the genetic codes
polymorase is the protein factor
Polymerases are enzymes that catalyze the synthesis of a DNA or RNA polymer with sequence complementary to the original template.
Polypeptide is a single chain of amino acids joined together by peptide bonds.
Endocrine System - composed of glands that secrete different types of hormones
Hormones are organic substances released by glands
Hormones are capable of changing physiological and metabolic behaviour of their target cells
Endocrine system
Body system composed of different glands which secrete hormones that regulate metabolism, growth and development, mood, and reproduction
The endocrine system is composed of different glands which secrete hormones that regulate metabolism, growth and development, mood, and reproduction
Hormones
Organic substances released by the glands of the endocrine system directly into the bloodstream, capable of changing the physiological and metabolic behaviors of their target cells to maintain homeostasis
Major endocrine glands in the body
Pituitary
Thyroid
Parathyroid
Thymus
Adrenal
Pancreas
Ovaries
Testes
Pituitary gland
Produces hormones that stimulate growth, and controls the functions of other glands, master gland, at the base of the brain, produces oxytocin
Thyroid
Produces hormones that regulate body metabolism, and storage of calcium in bones, produces thyroid hormone
Parathyroid
Produces hormones that control the calcium levels in your body, and normalizes bone growth, produces parathormone
Thymus
Produces hormones that enable the body to produce T cells before puberty, produces thymosin
Adrenal
Produces hormones that affects metabolism, immune system and blood pressure, stress reaction, produces adrenaline
Pancreas
Produce hormones that regulate blood sugar levels, produces insulin and glucagon
Testes (Males)
Produces hormones that control maturation of sperm and development of the secondary male sexual characteristics
Ovaries (Females)
Produces hormones that influence development of the secondary female sexual characteristics, and maturation of the egg cells and ovulation
Pineal
Produces a hormone that regulates the biological clock in some animals, produces melatonin
Hormonal imbalance will occur if the organs and hormones of your body do not produce the right amount of chemicals needed which in turn may lead to some dysfunctions
Endocrine disorders
Osteoporosis
Goiter
Gigantism
Dwarfism
Menstruation
A sign that a girl is capable of producing offspring
Menstrual cycle
A series of changes during which an egg matures, and the uterus is prepared for possible pregnancy
Menstrual cycle
It entails biological feedback system that regulates the activities of the structures involved in the processes
It is influenced by the endocrine system through the complex interaction of the hypothalamus, pituitary and gonads
The average cycle is 28 days
Follicular phase
Starts on day 1 of menstruation and ends with ovulation (day 14)