Gen Bio 2

• • A plant is a living thing that grows in the earth and has a stem, leaves, and roots that need Water, Sunlight and Carbon Dioxide to create their of food and to survive.
• • Shoot system is an aerial and erect part of plant body which grows upwards.
• The functions of the shoot system are to support the structure of the plant.
• A root system consists of primary and secondary roots. Each root is made of dermal, ground, and vascular tissues.
• Dermal tissue covers the plant and can be found on the outer layer of roots, stems and leaves.
• • Main function of Dermal Tissue are:
  • Transpiration
  • gas exchange
  • defense
• The epidermis is the outermost cell layer of the primary plant body.
• Stomata allow a plant to take in carbon dioxide, which is needed for photosynthesis. They also help to reduce water loss by closing when conditions are hot or dry.
• A ground tissue is a plant tissue other than those of the dermal tissues and the vascular tissues. It arises from the ground meristem.
• Parenchyma cells have relatively thin primary walls. Most of them continue to be alive even upon reaching maturity.
• • The collenchyma cells are cells with a relatively thicker primary cell wall.
• • The sclerenchyma cells, in contrast, have a secondary cell wall.
• Vascular tissue is comprised of the xylem and the phloem, the main transport systems of plants
• Xylem and phloem distributes water and dissolved minerals upward through the plant, from the roots to the leaves. And carries food downward from the leaves to the roots.
• • Roots absorb water and minerals and transport them to stems.
• • Taproots are large central roots from which small lateral roots sprout out.
• • The fibrous roots are horizontal and wide spreading with only a few roots that go deep vertically downward.
• The stem transports water and nutrients up from the roots all the way to the leaves, and the stem transports sugars from the leaves to the rest of the plant. Stems support leaves, flowers, and fruits.
• • A leaf is part of a plant that's usually green and attached to it by a stem or stalk.
• • Photosynthesis is the process by which plants use sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide to create oxygen and energy in the form of sugar.
• 1. STOMATA

  • tiny openings or pores in plant tissue that allow for gas exchange.
• CHLOROPLAST

  an organelle within the cells of plants and certain algae that is the site of photosynthesis
• 1. CHLOROPHYLL

  • Chlorophyll is a pigment that gives plants their green color.
• 1. FLOWER

  • the specialized part of an angiospermous plant that occurs singly or in clusters, possesses whorls of often colorful petals or sepals, and bears the reproductive structures (such as stamens or pistils) involved in the development of seeds and fruit
• INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM

  • This system performs many intricate functions such as body temperature regulation, cell fluid maintenance, synthesis of Vitamin D, and detection of stimuli.
• • Skin
  • The largest organ in the body.
• • Hair serves as mechanical protection for the skin, increases sensory function, and aids in regulating body temperature.
• Nails protect the sensitive tips of fingers and toes. We don't need our nails to survive, but they do support the tips of our fingers and toes, protect them from injury, and help us pick up small objects.
• The skeletal system is your body's support structure. It gives your body its shape, allows movement, makes blood cells, provides protection for your organs and stores minerals.
• • 2 Parts of Skeletal System

             Axial Bones               APPENDICULAR BONES
• The muscular system is composed of specialized cells called muscle fibers. Their predominant function is contractibility. Muscles, attached to bones or internal organs and blood vessels, are responsible for movement. Nearly all movement in the body is the result of muscle contraction.
• Smooth muscle lines the inside of blood vessels and organs, such as the stomach, and is also known as visceral muscle.
• • Skeletal muscles
  • are the only muscles that can be consciously controlled. They are attached to bones, and contracting the muscles causes movement of those bones.
• The respiratory system is the network of organs and tissues that help you breathe.
• Inhalation and exhalation are how your body brings in oxygen and gets rid of carbon dioxide.
• The circulatory system delivers oxygen and nutrients to cells and takes away wastes.
• The functions of the heart are to pump blood and oxygen around the body and deliver waste products (carbon dioxide) back to the lungs to be removed.
• The function of blood vessels is to deliver blood to the organs and tissues in your body.
• • BLOOD
  • brings oxygen and nutrients to all the parts of the body so they can keep working.
• Your nervous system's main function is to send messages from various parts of your body to your brain, and from your brain back out to your body to tell your body what to do.