Cellular transport

• Passive transport is the movement of substances from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
• Types of passive transport: facilitated diffusion, osmosis, and simple diffusion
• Simple diffusion is the movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration and the spreading of particles in a liquid or gas so they are distributed evenly
• Osmosis is the movement of water molecules from a region of high water concentration to a region of low water concentration
• Facilitated diffusion is the movement of molecules across a membrane with the help of a carrier protein for example glucose and amino acids
• Active transport is the movement of molecules from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration against a concentration gradient with the help of ATP
• Types of active transport are endocytosis and exocytosis
• Active transport with the carrier protein requires ATP to pump against the concentration gradient.
• Endocytosis involves the cell taking in material from the extracellular environment.
• The types of endocytosis are pinocytosis and phagocytosis
• Pinocytosis is the process of taking in liquids by the cell.
• Phagocytosis is the process of engulfing and digesting solid particles
• Exocytosis is contents from a vesicle within the cell are passed to the outside.
• Factors influencing cell transport are surface area to volume ratio, concentration gradient, size and solubility.
• The larger the surface area to volume ratio the faster the transport will be.
• A Hypertonic solution is when the outside solution has a greater amount of solutes.
• An isotonic solution is when the concentration of the solution is the same as the concentration of the solution outside the cell
• A hypotonic solution is when the outside solution has lower concentration of solutes.
• Cell transport is the movement of substances between the intracellular environment and the extracellular environment.