blood glucose concentration

• What hormone is used to control blood glucose concentration?

  Insulin
• What is the role of insulin in blood glucose control?

  It triggers cells to take up glucose
• What happens to blood glucose concentration after a carbohydrate-rich meal?

  It rises and is sensed by the pancreas
• How does insulin affect liver and muscle cells?

  It triggers them to store glucose as glycogen
• What is homeostasis in relation to blood glucose concentration?

  Maintaining a constant glucose level in blood
• What condition occurs when blood glucose control is ineffective?

  Diabetes
• What is type 1 diabetes characterized by?

  The pancreas does not produce enough insulin
• How does blood glucose concentration differ between a person with type 1 diabetes and one without?

  Type 1 diabetes has persistently high glucose levels
• What do people with type 1 diabetes do when their blood glucose rises too much?

  They inject themselves with insulin
• What is type 2 diabetes characterized by?

  Body cells stop responding to insulin
• How is type 2 diabetes often treated?

  With a controlled carbohydrate diet
• What is a major risk factor for type 2 diabetes?

  Obesity
• What happens to blood glucose concentration between meals?

  It can fall too low
• What hormone is released when blood glucose concentration falls?

  Glucagon
• What does glucagon trigger in the liver?

  Conversion of glycogen back to glucose
• How do insulin and glucagon interact in blood glucose control?

  They form a negative feedback cycle
• What is the effect of insulin on blood glucose concentration?

  It causes the concentration to fall
• What is the effect of glucagon on blood glucose concentration?

  It causes the concentration to rise