NCM 110 - Nursing Informatics

• NURSING INFORMATICS (NI) is a title that evolved from the French word "informatics" which referred to the field of applied computer science concerned with the processing of information such as nursing informatics.
• NURSING INFORMATICS has been traditionally defined as a specialty that integrates nursing science, computer science, and information science to manage and communicate data, information, knowledge, and wisdom in nursing practice.
• (4) Building Blocks of Nursing Informatics:

  • Nursing Science
  • Computer Science
  • Cognitive Science
  • Information Science

  
• HEALTHCARE INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY (HIT) - Electronic processing affect all aspects of healthcare delivery;

  1. Provision and documentation of patient care
  2. Education of healthcare providers
  3. Scientific research for advancing healthcare delivery
  4. Administration of healthcare delivery services
  5. Reimbursement for patient care
  6. Legal and ethical implications
  7. Safety and quality issues
• (4) NURSING STANDARDS INITIATIVES

  • Nursing Practice Standards
  • Nursing Education Standards
  • Nursing Content Standards
  • Confidentiality and Security Standards
• THEORY

  • A collection of thoughts that represent reality
  • A "guess"
  • A lens through which we view the world
• (4) INFORMATICS THEORY

  • Communication
  • Change
  • Systems
  • Information
• CHANGE THEORY (LEWIN)

  • Change is an inevitable occurrence in any organization, and successful change must be managed.
  • Steps: 1. UNFREEZING; 2. CHANGING; 3. REFREEZING
• CLINICAL INFORMATION SYSTEMS (BLUM, 1986)

  • DATA - these are the individual items made available to the analyst
  • INFORMATION - this is a set of data with some interpretation or value added.
  • KNOWLEDGE - this is a set of rules, formulae, or heuristics used to create information from data and information.
• CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK FOR THE STUDY OF NURSING INFORMATICS (GRAVES & CORCORAN-PERRY, 1989)

  Management Processing:

  • Data
  • Information
  • Knowledge

  
• GRAVES & CORCORAN-PERRY MODEL

  • Nursing informatics as a linear progression - from data into information and knowledge.
  • Management processing is integrated within each element, depicting nursing informatics as the proper management of knowledge - from data as it is converted into information and knowledge.
• THE NELSON DATA TO WISDOM CONTINUUM (NELSON & JOOS, 1989)

  1. Data
  2. Information
  3. Knowledge
  4. Wisdom

  
• TERMS, MEANING AND RELATED COMPUTER SYSTEM

  TERMS:

  1. Data
  2. Information
  3. Knowledge
  4. Wisdom

  MEANING:

  1. Raw facts
  2. Raw facts processed to produced meaning
  3. Group of interrelated pieces of information
  4. Ability to apply knowledge to human problems

  RELATED COMPUTER SYSTEM:

  1. Information System
  2. Information System
  3. Decision-Support System
  4. Expert System

  
• DATA

  
• INFORMATION

  
• KNOWLEDGE

  
• WISDOM

  
• SYSTEM OUTCOMES

  
• Data: observation (number, terms)

  Information: data with meaning (answer to question who, what, where and why

  Knowledge: justifiable beliefs based on data and information
• THEORY makes the connection

  
• Realword Example

  
• RW + THEORY + DATA

  • Useful information becomes available when the data, theory, and reality match.
• SEMANTIC TOOLS

  
• CONTROLLED VOCABULARIES - words that have definitions and are represented by a code.

  
• TAXONOMIES/ONTOLOGIES - defined terms and inter-relationship

  
• REFERENCE TERMINOLOGIES - a set of concepts and relationship that provide a common reference point for comparisons and aggregation of data.

  
• INTEROPERABILITY STANDARDS - technical standards for the exchange, integration, sharing and retrieval of electronic health information.

  
• ERGO

  
• SEMANTIC EQUIVALENCE

  
• SEMANTIC GAP

  
• ROLES:

  • IT Professionals manage data
  • Informaticist deal with information and knowledge
• COMPUTER SCIENCE

  A) Computer Science

  
• The computer as a tool for managing information and generating knowledge.

  A) Intellectual Metamorphosis

  B) Information

  
• Computer Systems

  A) computer

  
• HARDWARE - the actual physical body of the computer and its components.

  A) Casing

  B) Central Processing Unit

  C) Motherboard

  D) Power Supply

  E) Hard Disk

  
• All about computer:

  A) Input

  B) Processing

  C) Output

  
• SOFTWARE - the programs and other operating information used by a computer

  A) Operating System (OS)

  B) Productivity Software

  C) Creativity Software

  D) Communication Software

  
• COMMERCIAL SOFTWARE - Software that is designed to be used by a large number of people.

  A) Licensed

  
• OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE - Software that is available to the public and can be modified by anyone.

  
• OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE