human biology

• The effect of x-rays on humans is the result of

  interaction at the atomic level.

  Human Radiation Response
• The effects or changes occurs at the molecular

  level.

  Human Radiation Response
• At nearly every stage of the sequence, it is

  possible to repair radiation damage and recover.

  Human Radiation Response
• Human Responses to Ionizing

  Radiation

  Deterministic effects of radiation to

  humans

  Stochastic Effects of Radiation on Humans
• Deterministic effects of radiation to

  humans

  Acute Radiation Syndrome

  Local tissue damage

  Hematologic depression

  Cytogenetic damage
• Acute Radiation Syndrome

  Hematologic Syndrome

  Gastro-intestinal Syndrome

  Central Nervous System Syndrome
• deterministic local tissue damage


  skin

  gonads

  extremities
• Stochastic Effects of Radiation on Humans

  Leukemia

  Other malignant disease

  Local Tissue Damage

  Life-span Shortening

  Genetic Damage
• (stochastic) Other malignant disease

  bone cancer

  lung cancer

  thyroid cancer

  breast cancer
• (stochastic) local tissue damage

  skins

  gonads

  eyes
• (stochastic) genetic damage

  cytogenetic damage

  doubling dose

  genetically-significant dose
• Effects of Fetal Irradiation

  prenatal death

  neonatal death

  congenital malformation

  childhood malignancy

  diminished growth and development
• At its most basic level, the human body is composed

  of atoms.
• The atomic composition of the body determines the

  characteristic and degree of radiation interaction that

  occurs.
• The molecular and tissue composition defines the

  nature of radiation response.
• The atomic composition of the body determines the _ that occurs.

  characteristic and degree of radiation interaction
• The molecular and tissue composition defines the

  nature of radiation response.
• atomic composition of the body

  60.0 % hydrogen

  25.7 % oxygen

  10.7 % carbon

  2.4 % nitrogen

  0.1 % phosphorus

  0.1 % sulfur

  0.8% trace elements
• how many percent is hydrogen in the body?

  60.0 %
• how many percent is oxygen in the body?

  25.7%
• how many percent is carbon in the body?

  10.7 %
• how many percent is phosphorus in the body?

  0.1 %
• how many percent is nitrogen in the body?

  2.4%
• how many percent is sulfur in the body?

  0.1
• how many percent is the trace elements in the body?

  0.8 %
• Radiation interaction at the atomic

  level results in molecular change,

  which can produce a cell that is

  deficient in terms of normal growth

  and metabolism.

  cell theory
• (English schoolmaster) –first named the cell as the

  biologic building block in 1665.

  Robert Hooke
• in what year does the the cell first named as the biologic building block by Robert Hooke?

  1665
• accurately described a living cell on the

  basis of his microscopic observation.

  Anton Van Leeuwenhoek
• showed conclusively that in all plants and animals, cells are the basic functional unit. This is the Cell Theory.

  Schneider and Schwann
• described the DNA as the genetic substance of the cell.

  watson and crick
• in what year did watson and crick described the DNA as the genetic substance of the cell?

  1953
• Molecular Composition

  •80% water

  •15% protein

  •2% lipids

  •1% carbohydrates

  •1% nucleic acid

  •1% other
• how many percent is the water in molecular composition?

  80
• how many percent is the protein in molecular composition?

  15
• how many percent is the lipids in molecular composition?

  2
• how many percent is the carbohydrates in molecular composition?


  1
• how many percent is the nucleic acid in molecular composition?


  1
• how many percent is the others in molecular composition?


  1
• Proteins, lipids and carbohydrates are the principal classes of

  organic molecules.