Capitalism promotes competition and private ownership of the means of production.
Social inequality exists due to the unequal distribution of wealth and power between classes.
The working class is oppressed by the ruling class (capitalists) who own the means of production.
Marxists argue that capitalist societies are inherently exploitative, with workers being paid less than they produce through surplus value.
Positivism - the belief that sociologists can use scientific methods to discover objective truth about society, using empirical evidence and generalisations from it.
In stratified societies, different social groups have unequal access to resources and life chances.
It reflects the distribution of resources, rewards, and opportunities.
