Tinbergen's 4 Questions

• What is the function?
• How does it evolve?
• What is the causation?
• How does it develop? 
• Function relates to the adaptive value of behaviour as it contributes to an individuals’ lifetime success e.g. Early neonatal behaviour is key to survival (Standing, Suckling, and Bonding).
• Development (or ontogeny): How has the behaviour developed during the lifetime of the individual? In what way has it been influenced by experience and learning?
• Causation (or motivation): Study of the internal and external ‘causes’ of behaviour.