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• Define Research Problem:

  • Contextualizes a research topic and helps define what researchers plan to investigate
  • Involves identifying and defining the specific issue or topic that will be the focus of the research
• Importance of a well-defined research problem:

  • Ensures a focused and manageable project
  • First step towards knowing exactly what you’ll do and why
• Examples of Research Problems:

  • Impact of Technology Integration on Student Learning
  • Investigating the Impact of School Nutrition Programs on Student Health and Academic Performance
• Review of Related Literature:

  • Involves the systematic identification, location, and analysis of documents containing information related to the research problem
  • Provides an overview of current knowledge, allowing identification of relevant theories, methods, and gaps in existing research
• Defining the Research Framework:

  • Provides an underlying structure or model to support research efforts
  • May be classified as Conceptual Framework or Theoretical Framework
• Formulating Hypotheses:

  • States predictions about what the research will find
  • Based on existing theories and knowledge
• Designing the Research Study:

  • Involves planning and designing the research methodology
  • Ensures methods match research objectives and use the right analysis for data
• Collecting and Analyzing Data:

  • Data Collection: systematic process of gathering observations or measurements
  • Data Analysis Steps: prepare, review, code, identify themes
• Data Collection Methods:

  • Quantitative Research: primarily quantitative method
  • Qualitative Research: primarily qualitative methods
  • Mixed-Methods Approach: can be quantitative, qualitative, or both
• Data Analysis Methods:

  • Textual Analysis: describes, interprets, and understands texts
  • Thematic Analysis: identifies common themes in qualitative data
  • Discourse Analysis: studies language in relation to social context
• Interpreting and Reporting Findings:

  • Researchers interpret results, draw conclusions, and discuss implications
  • Findings are reported through research reports, presentations, or publications