reproduction

• the biological process by which organisms give birth or give rise to a new organism

  Reproduction
• a kind of reproduction that involves gametes

  sexual reproduction
• A kind of reproduction that the offspring is produced by a single parent

  asexual reproduction
• They are often green, usually found underneath the petals and function to protect the developing flower bud.

  sepal
• sepal are also called

  calyx
• the brightly-colored part of the flower, arranged around the reproductive parts of the flower.

  petals
• petals are also called

  corolla
• they play a key role in attracting pollinators like insects and birds

  corolla
• The male reproductive organ of a flower


  stamen
• what is the bulging tip in stamen called

  anther
• what does the anther contain

  pollen grains
• what is the female reproductive system of a flower

  pistil
• in pistil, they are enlarged basal portion where ovules are produced. they develop into a fruit

  ovary
• A slender, elongated structure that connects the ovary to the stigma. it serves as a bridge for the pollen tubes to grow from the stigma to the ovary.

  style
• the tip of the pistil where pollen grains land and germinate.

  stigma
• it is sticky or having a specific shape to enhance pollen adherence.

  stigma
• a plant species that has both male and female reproductive organs (staminate and pistillate flowers) on the same individual plant.

  monoecious
• the slender stalk-like structure that supports the anther in the stamen of a flower.


  filament
• type of plant where male and female reproductive organs are found on separate individual plants.


  dioecious
• what is the sexual reproduction of the plants


  pollination
• also known as flowering plants, They are characterized by the presence of flowers and seeds enclosed within a protective structure called a fruit.


  Angiosperms
• It happens in the sexual organs of plants found in flowers

  Angiosperms
• what are male gametophyte of plants

  pollen grains
• it is the haploid phase in the life cycle of plants that produce male gametes.


  pollen grains or male gametophyte
• also known as the embryo sac in angiosperms.


  female gametophyte
• It the haploid phase in the life cycle of plants that produces female gametes (egg cells).


  female gametophyte
• it develops within the ovule, which is contained within the ovary of the flower.


  female gametophyte
• 1 STAGE OF SR: sperm cells are produced by pollen at the tips of stamens, while egg cells develop in ovules

  POLLEN AND EGG FORMATION
• 2ND STAGE OF SR: the transfer of pollen grains from the stamen to the stigma. can be self or across.


  POLLINATION
• 3RD STAGE OF SR: a sperm cell in a pollen tube fuses with the egg cell of an ovule, resulting in a plant embryo.

  FERTILIZATION
• 4TH STAGE OF SR: plant seeds are transported to new sites for germination, which is the development of a plant from a seed or spore


  SEED DISPERSAL AND GERMINATION
• it ensures the transfer of male gametes to female reproductive structures for successful fertilization and seed production.

  POLLEN FORMATION
• process by which mature seeds are dispersed away from the parent plant, facilitating their colonization of new habitats and reducing competition among offspring.

  SPEED DISPERSAL
• the process by which a seed begins to grow and develop into a new plant.

  germination
• reproduction achieved through human intervention to give rise to new plants

  ARTIFICIAL PROPAGATION METHODS
• thickened, fleshy rhizome branch or structures that develop from modified stems or roots of certain plants.

  Tubers
• specialized underground storage structures found in certain plants

  Corms
• they have short underground stems

  corms
• they are consisting of layers of modified leaves (scales) surrounding a central bud

  Bulbs
• are small, undeveloped structures found on the stems or branches of plants. typically covered by protective scales and contain meristematic tissues

  leaf buds