HVIII ENGLISH SOCIETY

• HOW HVIII relied on nobles

  • Gave property so they could exert royal authority (Norfolk given property after 1536 rebellion)
  • Conferred knighthoods as a sign of favour
  • Executed nobles (Duke of Buckingham - 1521) for doubt of loyalty
• The gentry undertook unpaid administration for the Crown and provided Justices of the Peace
• Did more land become available due to the dissolution of monasteries or ceremonies?

  Monasteries
• Did the standard of living for commoners change more during the earlier or later part of HVIIIs reign?

  Later
• Did the gentry or peasants lease out farming land?

  Gentry
• Did HVIII claim the title of the ' King of Ireland ' in 1541 or 1544?

  1541
• Did the number of JPs increase or decrease during HVIIIs reign?

  Increase (due to dissolution of monasteries = more land)
• Did HVIII adopt the title of the King of Ireland in 1541 or 1513?

  1541
• Was local administration carried out more by lawyers or clergymen?

  Lawyers
• Did yeomen farm for profit or just subsistence?

  Profit
• WALES

  • Before 1536 - no unified administration or link with England
  • CROMWELLS WALES ACT (1536)

  1. Divides Wales into shire counties - similar to England eg JPs
  2. Welsh shires had direct representation at House of Commons
  3. Wales = same legal framework as England

  • Principality of Wales - under jurisdiction of Council of Wales - cheap + local access to the law
• PALATINATES

  • 1536 - Lancashire , Durham + Cheshire = brought back under English control
  • Bishop of Durham = SOME independence
• Was the pilgrimage of Grace provoked by the dissolution of monasteries or churches?

  Monasteries
• What year did HVIII + Cromwell establish the Council in the North in York?

  1536
• IMPACT OF RELIGIOUS UPHEAVAL

  • Hatred at dissolution on monasteries + attack on Catholic practices led to rebellion of Pilgrimage of Grace (1536)
  • Land transferred from Church to the crown - 1547 - Nearly 66 % of Church property sold off to fund foreign policy
  • Education ↓ - loss of monastery schools + unemployment ↑
• REBELLIONS

  • 1525 - Opposition to the Amicable Grant - 1000 people on Essex - Suffolk border refused to pay
  • Dukes of Norfolk + Suffolk faced 4000 refusals - HVIII backed off
• Around how many people were involved with the Lincolnshire Rising / Pilgrimage of Grace?

  40000
• PILGRIMAGE OF GRACE CAUSES

  • HVIII led the Reformation + head of the Church of England
  • Henry began the dissolution of the monasteries
  • Cromwell hated by landowners + blamed for the Church changes reduced power of the lords in the north
  • Prices and taxes ↑
• PILGRIMAGE OF GRACE EVENTS

  1.Rebellion broke out in Lincolnshire and spread across north - kings army = only 8000

  2. King chose the Duke of Norfolk to negotiate with the pilgrims, the Duke promised to agree to demands

  3. Rebels found out the king was lying - attacked castles in Hull, Beverley + Scarborough

  4. Henry cancelled pardons and hanged the rebel leaders
• Were the rebels gullible to the HVIIIs promises?

  Yes
• Significance of the Pilgrimage of Grace

  • Largest rebellion in Tudor England - took control of the whole of northern England
  • Rebellion failed - difficulties rebels faced and dissuaded others from rebelling
  • Henry dissolved monasteries at a faster rate
  • Rebel leaders = were hanged as a warning
  • Signing of ' Pilgrim's Oath ' showed that religion could be an alternative to royal authority
• Who was the leader of the Pilgrimage of Grace?

  Robert Aske
• REBELS DEMANDS - PULGRIMAGE OF GRACE

  • Restore dissolution of monasteries
  • Free parliament established