Katipunan - Biak na bato

• Insurrection is considered the last remedy when peaceful means to secure remedies for evils prove futile
• The Katipunan was founded on the night of July 7, 1892, in Azcarraga Street, Manila
• Founders of the Katipunan:

  • Andres Bonifacio
  • Teodoro Plata
  • Valentin Diaz
  • Ladislao Diwa
  • Deodato Arellano
• The Katipunan had fundamental objectives in the political, moral, and civic spheres
• Four major aims of the Katipunan:

  • Develop a strong alliance with each Katipunero
  • Unite Filipinos into one solid nation
  • Win Philippine independence through armed conflict
  • Establish a republic after independence
• The Katipunan had its own governing structure, including the Supreme Council, Provincial Council, Popular Council, Judicial Council, and Secret Chamber
• Recruitment methods of the Katipunan:

  • Initially, members had to recruit two new adherents discreetly
  • Later, members were allowed to recruit as many persons as they could
• Elected officers of the Katipunan included the President/Supremo, Fiscal, Secretary, Treasurer, and Councilors
• The organizational structure of the Katipunan involved three ranks of membership: katipon, kawal, and bayani
• The Katipunan had its own coding system and flag as symbols of authority and unity
• Emilio Jacinto was known as the "Brain of the Katipunan"
• Teachings of the Katipunan aimed to indoctrinate members with its ideals and purpose
• The Katipunan used the flag as a symbol of authority and unity
• Emilio Jacinto prepared the Kartilla, which served as the guidebook of the Katipunan
• Andres Bonifacio prepared the Katungkulang Gagawin ng Mga Anak ng Bayan, considered as the Ten Commandments of the Katipunan
• The Katipunan had a printing press to make recruitment into the society more efficient
• The official newspaper of the Katipunan was Kalayaan, written in Tagalog and first published in March 1896 in Yokohama
• To avoid being discovered, writers in the Katipunan did not use their true names
• Women in the Katipunan, including the wife, sister, and daughter of a Katipunero, had the duty of helping propagate the KKK's ideals
• Gregoria de Jesus, also known as Oriang, was the record-keeper of KKK's documents and sewed the first flag of the Katipunan
• The existence of the Katipunan was revealed by Teodoro Patiño, leading to its discovery
• The Cry of Pugadlawin on August 23, 1896, marked the beginning of the Philippine Revolution
• The lack of coordination and planning in the Katipunan resulted in heavy losses of its members during the Battle of San Juan del Monte on August 30, 1896
• The declaration of martial law aimed to frighten people into submission and symbolized the Filipinos' determination for independence
• Rizal's execution on December 30, 1896, was a peak of Spanish brutality during this period
• The Tejeros Convention on March 22, 1897, aimed to formalize the structure of a revolutionary government
• Emilio Aguinaldo led the Magdalo faction of the Katipunan, which was open to negotiation and focused on establishing a government and gaining political power
• Andres Bonifacio led the Magdiwang faction, which was resolved to continue the armed struggle
• The Biak-na-Bato Republic was established on November 1, 1897, headed by Emilio Aguinaldo
• The Truce of Biak-na-Bato involved an agreement between Aguinaldo and Primo de Rivera, which did not materialize fully