DRRR (3rd)

• • DISASTER a serious disruption of the functioning community or a society causing widespread human, material, economic and environmental losses, which exceed the ability of the affected community to cope using its resources.
• TYPES OF DISASTER

  • Natural
  • Man-made
• TYPES OF DISASTER:

  Natural

  1. Geophysical 

         (ex. Earthquakes, Landslides)

  1. Hydrological 

         (ex. Tsunamis, Flashfloods)

  1. Meteorological

         (ex: Cyclone, Typhoons, Storm 

                 surge)

  1. Climatological

          (ex. Extreme Temperature, 

                  Wild Fire)

  1. Biological

         (ex. Plagues, Pandemics)
• Man-made

  1. Pollution

         (ex. Land &  Waste pollution)

  1. Accidents 

          (ex. Vehicular accident)
• DISASTER RISK -  is “the probability of harmful consequences or expected losses resulting from the interaction between natural or human induced hazards and vulnerable conditions”. The risk could be high, medium or low, depending on physical, environmental, and socio – economic factors. Probability sometimes can be expressed as a percentage. 
• DISASTER RISK REDUCTION

  • a proactive approach involves deciding how to reduce, prevent or mitigate a particular risk associated with disaster to a certain level and at what cost through rapid and effective response.
• VULNERABILITY - an inability to resist a hazard or respond when a disaster occurs or condition determined by factors which increase the susceptibility of a community to the impact of disaster.
• TYPES OF VULNERABILITY:

  1. Physical & Environmental 
  2. Social Vulnerability
  3. Economic Vulnerability
• Physical & Environmental 

  • refers to human made environment & natural environment
• Social Vulnerability

  • refers to the susceptibility of the population, social institution or organization.
• Economic Vulnerability

  • refers to the assets and resources of the community that are susceptible to disasters, including distribution, utilization of goods and services that ensure the well-being of the people.
• CAPACITY pertains to the ability of people or community to resist or to cope up with hazards
• The Philippines is one of the world’s most disaster-prone countries. Located along the boundary of major tectonic plates and at the center of a typhoon belt, its islands are regularly impacted by floods, typhoons, landslides, earthquakes and volcanoes.
• The location of the Philippines in the Pacific makes it very vulnerable to meteorological disturbance such as typhoons. The Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Service Administration (PAGASA) states that around 19 to 20 typhoons enter the Philippine Area of Responsibility (PAR) every year.
• The Philippines is also Located in the western Pacific Ring of Fire of the Pacific Ocean where many active trenches, faults and volcanoes can trigger earthquakes.
• Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Service Administration (PAGASA)
• Philippine Area of Responsibility (PAR)
• Philippine Institure of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS)
• Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS), the Government agency responsible for forecasting volcanic eruption.
• POVERTY & VULNERABILITY

  • The poor usually have lesser access to better homes, public facilities and livelihood opportunities, which make them vulnerable to disaster.
• DISASTER AS SOCIAL PHENOMENON

  • It is a social phenomenon because natural events have social consequences only as a result of the actions of human beings and societies.
• POINTS:

  a.Harmful practices worsen vulnerability to disaster

  b.  Population growth and shortage of land have further pushed low-income families to worse living condition, which make them more vulnerable to disaster

  c. The poor, the elderly, persons with disabilities or special needs, indigenous people and communities marginalized by the exploitation of natural resources usually end up as a victim of disaster as they are the most vulnerable group

  d. The aftermath of a disaster paves way for disaster prevention effort
• Types of Hazards

  • Natural
  • Man-induced
• TYPES OF HAZARDS 

  Natural

  • Astronomical 
  • Hydro -Meteorological and Climatological 
  • Geologic 
  • Biological 
• TYPES OF HAZARDS 

  Man-induced 

  • Hazards 
  • Hazardous activities
  • Lifestyle 
  • Industrial 
  • War and Terrorism 
• HAZARD ANALYSIS – is the identification, study and monitoring of any hazard to determine its potential, origin, characteristics and behavior.
• TOOLS FOR DOING A HAZARD ANALYSIS

  • Community Hazards and Disaster History Construction
  • Hazards and Vulnerability Mapping
  • Factor Analysis
• Community Hazards and Disaster History Construction - The existing hazards and disaster that the community experienced are identified 
• Hazards and Vulnerability Mapping – Areas in the community that are vulnerable to a specific hazard are identified then located in the map.
• Factor Analysis – Tool to describe the characteristics of the hazards in terms of the following; 

  a.   Frequency How often do the hazards occur? 

  b.  Duration – How long does it occur? 

  c.   Speed on onset – How fast does it occur upon initial detection? 

  d.   Intensity – what is the strength or magnitude? 

  e.  Probability – What is the chance that it will occur? 

  f.    Forewarning – is there adequate time to prepare upon detection? 

  g. Manageability How manageable are the effects of the hazards?
• EARTHQUAKE – movements of Earth’s crust or a ground shaking caused by the sudden movement of one block of rock slip 
• FAULT LINES - Any fracture or system fracture in Earth’s crust
• FOCUS – The point where the waves originate
• EPICENTER – The point on Earth’s surface directly above the focus
• SEISMOGRAPHS – Instrument to measure the magnitude 
• MAGNITUDE – a measure of the total energy released at the earthquake’s point of origin
• INTENSITY – Scale use to observed property damage to estimate the amount of ground shake at a particular location
• EARTHQUAKE HAZARDS

  • Ground shaking 
  • Ground rapture - displacement of the ground due to violent shaking 
  • Ground subsidence - lowering of the ground surface 
  • Liquefaction - take place when there is a water pressure in saturated soils because of ground shaking
  • Tsunami
• Signs of an impending earthquake

  • Animal behavior
  • Change in atmospheric conditions
  • Electromagnetic disturbance
  • Boom sound
• • Animal behavior – Animals often exhibit abnormal behavior before an earthquake. They become disturbed and very sensitive before an earthquake hits. However, the connection between animal behavior and earthquakes have not been fully explored and not yet definitely proven.